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METER: a set of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line; a characteristic device of poetry.
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• counting only stressed syllables in a line •Caesura placed only in the middle of the line • standard OE meter • makes the poetry sound more formal and elevated • e.g., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
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• counting stressed and unstressed syllables in a line • variety of places for caesura • standard after Chaucer (14th c.) • makes use of metrical feet, either duple (two-syllable) or triple (three-syllable)
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More popular; give the effect of naturalness and vivacity Iamb: an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one Trochee: a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one; usually used in a truncated (irregular) form Spondee: two stressed syllables
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Rare, unusual; create either a comical or solemn effect Anapest: two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed one Dactyl: a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed ones
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RHYTHM: a repeated pattern of sounds and pauses; in regular poetry measured with metrical feet; in free verse and prose measured, e.g., with parallel structures, repetitions inizia ad imparare
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sprung rhythm: an irregular rhythm used by GM. Hopkins; adds unstressed syllables to metrical feet in a particular poem
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•Consists of four metrical feet •Older form, natural for accentual meter •Musical, popular in songs, ballads • e.g., Tell me not, in mournful numbers, /H.W. Longfellow/
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•Often employed by poets in variations • e.g., Shall I compare thee to a Summer's day? /W. Shakespeare/
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Other: monometer, dimeter, trimeter, hexameter, heptameter, octameter inizia ad imparare
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STANZA: a unit of poetry made of a particular number of verses; an equivalent of prose paragraph
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Couplet: two-verse stanza; frequent conclusion of a sonnet Quatrain: four-verse stanza Sestet: six-line stanza; used, e.g., in Petrarchan sonnet as a reflexive part
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Rime royal: seven-line stanza, rhyming ababbcc, in five-foot verse; gives comic effect; can be worked into narrative Octave: eight-line stanza; allows to build reflection, description or a scene
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Spenserian stanza: nine-line stanza, rhyming ababbcbcc, 8 lines in five-foot verse, the last one contains 6 feet; appeared in 16th c.; e.g., Faerie Queene
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RHYME: the duplication of sounds, usually at the end of a line of verse
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Feminine rhyme: stress falls on the penultimate syllable (baby-maybe)
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Masculine rhyme: stress falls on the last syllable (intrude-include)
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