Top 5 Ways to Differentiate Primary Cardiac from Primary Pulmonary Disease in Emergencies

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breathing patterns
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rapid, laboured, synchronous inspiratory effort; rapid, laboured, asynchronous inspiratory effort; increased expiratory effort; loud, slow, and noisy (heard without a stethoscope; may be rapid if patient hyperthermic)
rapid, laboured, synchronous inspiratory effort - region affected
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pulmonary interstitium, pulmonary oedema from CHF
rapid, laboured, asynchronous inspiratory effort - region affected
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pleural space
increased expiratory effort - region affected
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lower airway, alveolar flooding from CHF
loud, slow, and noisy (heard without a stethoscope; may be rapid if patient hyperthermic)
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upper airway (nose to distal trachea)
synchronous breathing
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the chest and abdomen moving together during inhalation and exhalation
asynchronous breathing
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the chest and abdomen moving opposite from each other during inhalation and exhalation
generalized reduced lung sounds may suggest
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pleural space occupation with fluid or air
focal reduction in lung sounds may identify
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a lobe that is not aerating (eg, torsion)
moist crackles can develop with
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pulmonary oedema (cardiogenic/noncardiogenic)/interstitial inflammation
lobar pulmonary disease (crackles are focal)
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aspiration pneumonia, contusion, neoplasia
diffuse moist lung sounds are accompanied by a heart murmur and/or a cardiac dysrhythmia
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pulmonary oedema secondary to CHF
pulmonary interstitium
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interstitial pneumonia, neoplasia, noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema, parenchymal bleeding
pleural space
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diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragmatic paralysis, hemothorax, pleural effusion, pneumothorax
lower airway
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acute bronchoconstriction, alveolar fluid accumulation, tracheobronchial inflammation
upper airway (nose to distal trachea)
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elongated soft palate, laryngeal disease, nasal, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, laryngeal obstruction, tracheal disease
historical evidence of heart disease
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heart murmur, exercise intolerance, coughing without activity
anticoagulant intoxication can cause a variety of cardiopulmonary problems, including
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pulmonary interstitial hemorrhage, hemothorax, mediastinal hemorrhage, pericardial effusion
may hasten the development of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
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recent prolonged seizure event, brain injury, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, choking, electrocution
TFAST
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thoracic-focused assessment sonography for trauma
odróżniać, rozróżniać
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differentiate
zniechęcać, zrażać
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daunt
szybko
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hurriedly
niefortunny, nierozważny, nieprzemyślany
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misguided
manewr
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manoeuvre
przemyślany
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thoughtful
podejście, metoda
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approach
zasysanie
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suction
ocena, oszacowanie
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evaluation, assessment
zastoinowa niewydolność serca
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CHF, congestive heart failure
bez względu na coś, niezależnie od czegoś
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regardless of sth
przypadek
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instance
podczas gdy, natomiast
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whereas
źródło, pochodzenie
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origin
ciężki (np. oddech)
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laboured
teren, pole
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field
znieczulać
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desensitise
cienki, delikatny, lekki
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finer
przewietrzyć, wietrzyć
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aerate
wilgotne trzeszczenia
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moist crackles
stłuczenie
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contusion
w towarzystwie
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accompanied by
szmer serca
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heart murmur
dysrytmia
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dysrhythmia
rozważyć
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consider
przerywany
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intermittent
cierpliwość, wytrzymałość
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patience
tkanka śródmiąższowa
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interstitium
wydłużony
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elongated
podejrzenie
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suspicion
regurgitacja
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regurgitation
sugerować, podpowiadać
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prompt
zapoczątkować
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initiate
niedawny
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recent
dławić się, krztusić się, dusić
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choke
porażenie prądem
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electrocution
przyspieszać
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hasten
skoncentrowany, skupiony
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focused
trzymać w rękach
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handle
powiększenie
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enlargement
przesączający, infiltrujący
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infiltrative
mimo że, pomimo że
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although
obszerny, wszechstronny, pełny, wyczerpujący
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comprehensive
potwierdzać
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confirm

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