Penicillin: breaking the mould

mould = Soft, green substance that develops on food or on objects that have been left for too long in warm moist air

There was mould on the cheese.

the full extent of something from end to end

the length of time for which something lasts

Suppress is defined as to keep something from happening. An example of suppress is to take a pill to ease stomach pains.

pave the way = make something possible

Scientists hope that data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.

To make progress or development easier: experiments that paved the way for future research.

corpses = dead bodies

The killer concealed the corpse in the cellar

The money was so cleverly concealed that the police couldn't find it

Rattle the toy, she will stop crying in a minute.

I had a blister on my big toe, and it got infected. My whole toe swelled up like a balloon!

That is a sobering thought, isn't it Alice?

The sort of cancer chemotherapy which we currently use, which immunosuppress people, we couldn't possibly consider that without the use of antibiotics

So not only has penicillin opened the door for treating people with infection, it's also essentially paved the way for modern medicine, modern interventional medicine that we benefit from now.

Chemotherapy is a chemical treatment used to kill cancer cells that also suppresses – or stops – the body's immune system from working.

Other types are less sensitive, and also have systems built into the structure of the cell that sweep out harmful compounds, such as penicillin.

Watch out! This compound is dangerous!

Uważaj! Ten związek chemiczny jest niebezpieczny!

We still don't know if it really is a bug.

My wciąż nie wiemy, czy to naprawdę jest wirus.

A close up of a bug.

. So it's now up to scientists to adapt penicillin to extend its lifespan, and to search for new types of antibiotics.

Penicillin became the most effective life-saving drug in the world, conquering diseases such as...

To conquer is to defeat or take control over by physical, mental or moral force.

An example of conquer is when an army defeats another country in a war.