legal english

manageable

posłuszny, wykonalny

vital

zasadniczy

legal profession

wszyscy, którzy pracują w prawie

contract law

prawo umów

the language of tort

prawo czynów zabronionych

accurate letter writing

poprawne pisanie pism

understanding contracts

a

refreshingly

odświeżający

genuine

autentyczny

core subject

rdzenne przedmioty

in-depth

dogłębnie

deep-rooted

głęboko zakorzeniony

reflect upon

refklejsa nad

up to date

na bieżąco

forthcoming

nadchodzące

layout

układ

target

cel

vary

różnią się

relevance

stosowność, zgodność z tematem

overseas

za granicą

towards

w kierunku

familarises

zapoznaje

throughout

na wskroś, poprzez

collocation

rozmieszczenie

solicitor

(radca prawny) gives legal advice to indyviduals and companies (UK)

attorney

(pełnomocnik prawny) gives legal advice to indyviduals and companies (USA)

barrister

(obrońca) gives legal advice and opinions to solicitors (UK)

lawyer

(adwokat) general job title that we use for people who work as a solicitor, barrister or attorney

legal practice

praktyka prawna

judge

(sędzia) in UK and USA it is not possible to take a special exam - a

law firm

a

qualified

a

partnership

współpraca

specialise

a

clients

a

litigation

(spór) proces of making a claim in the civil court

making claim

składanie reklamacji

acting for (reprezentowanie)

represent clients

advocacy

(adwokat) speaking for someone in court

pleading a case

bronić w sprawie

represent

a

right of audience (prawo publiczności?)

barristers have

apear

a

speak on behal

wypowiadać się w imieniu

a procedure

a decided way of doing something

a party to a court case

the claimant or the defendant

to owe money to someone

to have to pay someone for something that they have done for you or given to you

issue a claim

start a claim in the civil court.(wystąpić z roszczenia)

pay a fee

pay the court an amount of money for

serve a claim

send the claim to the defendant’s address

respond to a claim

confirm that you have received the claim and to say what you will do next.

hear a case

listen to the details of the claim and listen to what the claimant and defendant say about their dispute.

find in favour of

decide that this person has won the case (find favour-przypaść do gustu)

give an judgment

officially announce the result of the case. The judge may give the reasons for thedecision.

make an order

officially state what someone has to do, and how and when he or she must do it.

baliff

can legally take a person’s property when that person does not pay money that he or she owes.

the duty of care

civil duty to be careful and not to hurt or harm another person

The law of tort

says that everyone has a civil duty to be careful and not to hurt or harm another person.

deliberately

celowo

a tort

If someone hurts or harms another person because of a breach (czyn niedozwolony), being a type of civil wrong.

breach

break (naruszenie prawa)

negligence

The tort that happens most often (lekceważenie), someone was not careful enough and this person’s carelessness hurt another person as a result.

carelessness

a

injured person

The person who is hurt

damages (or compensation)

money from the careless person.

to sue

more informal way of saying starting proceedings against someone.

the grounds

The reasons for going to court

allegation

(zarzut) like an accusation – the claimant is stating that something happened, but the defendant has the opportunity to say this is not true.

committed

a

no win-no fee

The agreement is that if the client does not win the case then he or she does not have to pay for the lawyer’sservices.

to deal with someone or something

to do business with someone or to take the correct action in an area of work.

legal

allowed by the law.

valid

legally correct and acceptable.

to draft a document

to write a document.

to have a right

(in intellectual property law) to have a legal interest in something; it is yours.

robber

a person who steals money or property using or threatening to use violence.

a divorce

the legal ending of a marriage.

to merge

(in company law) when two companies join together to form one.

to be based somewhere

to be established somewhere as the main place where you work or live.

goods

things that are produced so that they can be sold.

fund

fundusz

draft

szkic

criminal law

lawyer who deals with clients who are in trouble with the police is a specialist in

merged

Last year my bank with a big German bank and they are now called EuropBank. I think they are the biggest bank in Europe now!

Intellectual property law

A lawyer who deals with clients who create new inventions such as medicines or machines, or new artistic works such as books or music, is a specialist in.

drafting

I spent three hours this morning a contract for my new client. I think the contract is ready for him to read and sign now.

the law of equity and trusts

I want to put some of my money into a fund for the benefit of my grandchildren, which they will have when they reach the age of 18. I need to see a lawyer who is a specialist in.

based in

Well, I am from London but I am Amsterdam at the moment because I’m working for a Dutch company.

family law

A lawyer who deals with clients who are divorcing or who have problems over the care of their children is a specialist in.

goods

The company delivers all over the United States by rail and by truck.

the law of tort

A lawyer who deals with people who breach their civil duty of care is a specialist in.

valid

That contract is not because your client hasn’t signed it.

To be insolvent

not having enough money to pay your debts.

A merger

the joining together of two or more things, such as companies, to form one single thing or company.

A tenant

a person who pays rent to the owner of a house, a flat or an office in return for living there, or for using the building for business purposes.

Conveyancing

the legal process involved in transferring the ownership of a house or land from the seller to the buyer.

To discriminate against someone

to behave differently towards that person, usually in the workplace, because of their age, sex or the colour of their skin.

Unfair dismissal

a situation where someone loses his or her job for a reason that is not valid.

A lease of land and buildings

an agreement to allow someone to use land or buildings for a fixed period of time in return for a payment of rent.

Sick pay

money that an employer must pay to an employee when that employee is ill and cannot work.

The formation of business

the establishment of a new business in a specific way.

A partnership

a business which a minimum of two people own and control.

Maternity leave

the time period when a woman is not at work before and after the birth of her baby. Her employer usually pays her for part or all of the time that she is away.

Capital

the total amount of money, property and other assets that a business has.

Redundancy

a situation where someone loses his or her job because an employer no longer needs so many employees.

A landlord

a person who owns a house, a flat or office and receives rent from someone for allowing them to live there, or use the building for business purposes.

Real estate

a more formal way of saying land and houses.

Agreed date

umowiona data

Cryminal law

the law that punishes acts against the person or against property that people consider to be harmful to the whole community. The state prosecutes criminals.

Prosecutes

ścigać, zaskarzac, wnosić do sądu.(to prosecute-criminaal law, to take legal action against someone in the criminal court)

Civil law

the law concerning the rights and duties of private individuals and companies rather than criminal matters.

A matter

a subject or situation, e. g cryminal matter, civil matter

A will

a legal document in which a person gives details of what they want to happen to their property after their deth

To steal

to take something that belongs to someone else with the intention to keeping it.

To be in despute, Despute

spór, to have a serious disagreement with another person

Filing a claim or issuing a claim, starting proceedings

start a claim in civil court

County court

sąd rejonowy civil claims are filed in there

Claimant(UK)

the person who starts the claim(plaintiff do 1999, wUSA nadal)

Party

strona

Defendant

oskarzyciel

Claim state

(pozew) document that claimant uses to start legal action against the defendant

Bad workmanship

(zle wykonanie) someone does a job for you badly

Supplied

dostarczone

Court fee

sum of money for the court to pay for issue proceedings

Issue proceedings

postępowanie sądowe

Claim

roszczenie

Legal costs

koszty sądowe, the court fees and payment for the lawyer who is acting for you

To draft a contract

q

To honour a contract

q

To breach a contract

q

ruffle

żabot

pouch

woreczek