Contract Law

Acceptance

approval of an offer, agreement to an offer

Assault

attacking someone verbally

Attain

be in a certain age (osiągnąć jakiś wiek)

Battery

when physical force is involved, harming sb physically

Compensatory damages

pecuniary or non-pecuniary damages

Consideration

sth that parties exchange under the contract - (e.g. money, goods, services, promises or promise not to do sth)

Contract

offer + acceptance + consideration

Counter-offer

kind of response giving to the original offer

Crop up

to term out, to appear

Damages

monetary compensation

Defamation

writing or telling bad things about sb to ruin this person’s reputation

Defects in a contract

mistake, duress (przymus), undue influence, misrepresentation (fałszywe oświadczenie), illegality of subject matter, lack of legal capacity; all of these can be grants for invalidating contract

Donee

a person or organization that is given power of attorney (= the legal right to make decisions for someone); a person ororganization that receives something of value such as money or goods (donor/donee)

Donor

a person who gives money or something else of value to an organization (C.?)

Duress

threats used to force a person to do sth

Emotional distress

moral damages

Forbearance

the quality of being patient and being able to forgive someone or control yourself in a difficult situation; patient, self-control

Force imprisonment

when a person is kept locked without any legal grants

Force majeure

an unexpected event such as a war, crime, or an earthquake which prevents someone from doing something that is written in a legal agreement

Holder, offeror

sb who present an offer Illegality of subject matter

Indemnity

promise to pay if loss or harm occurs/appears

Joint and several liability

being liable separately (individual) and as a group

Lack of legal capacity

person who has not 18 or sb that has in full or partially incapacitated by court

Libel

written or recorded kind of defamation

Minor

sb who is under the age of eighteen

Misrepresentation

misleading as sb as to defects in a contract, lying about sth in a contracts (representation

Negligence

kind of carelessness in performing obligations

Non-pecuniary damages

concern loss which is difficult to measured

Nuisance

it is interfering with once’s enjoyment of other property,

Offer

kind of proposal to enter into a contract

Offeree

sb that is offered sth

Pecuniary damages

concern loss which can be easily measured

Principal

first in order of importance; chief, main, primary (C.)

Principle

a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works, (C.)

Punitive damages

an amount of money that someone who commits a crime has to pay, that is intended to be large enough to prevent them or others from committing similar crimes in the future (C.), exemplary damages

Restitution

the return of objects that were lost or stolen

Restoration

the return or sth but also renovation

Slander

speaking bad things about sb

Surety

a person who accepts legal responsibility for another person's debt or behaviour, or money given as a promise that someone will do something that they have promised to do, such as pay a debt or appear in court (C.)

Term of an agreement

term when the contract is biding

To act with due diligence

to act reasonable

To be endowed with

to have a particular quality or characteristic (C.)

To be on the hook for sth

to be legally responsible for sth

To reimburse

to pay back someone’s costs

Tort

civil wrong causing harm to sb

Tortfeasor

a person who commits the tort

Trespass to land

when sb enters sb’s property without permission

Trespass to the person

assault, battery, force imprisonment

Undue influence

relationship when one of a parties has a stronger position because of their authority

Uphold

to maintain someone’s decision

Vicarious liability

being responsible for someone else’s actions

Być wtajemniczonym do czegoś

privy to sth

Być sprzecznym z czymś

to be contrary to

Na rzecz kogoś

in favour of; for the benefit of sb

Pecuniary

monetary

Strict liability

absolute liability irrespective any faults

Przy pomocy kogoś

by means of