→ Upper-Intermediate English (2) • NOUNS • 'C' → Avvia Impara / Scarica schede MP3

Domanda		Risposta
cigarette butt noun [C ] B2 informal (UK also cigarette end) • synonyms: stub, filter tip, discarded cigarette • flick/discard/stub out cigarette butt; smoldering/burnt/used butt • freq in AmE: 6/10 He flicked the cigarette butt onto the sidewalk. inizia ad imparare		niedopałek papierosa the small remaining part of a cigarette after it has been smoked; typically discarded and considered litter Rzucił niedopałek na chodnik.
contraption noun [C ] B2 • synonyms: device, gadget, invention • patterns: build/invent/use a contraption; fix/tinker with a contraption • collocations: strange/noisy/clever contraption; homemade/mechanical contraption • freq in AmE: 5/10 What is that noisy contraption in the corner? inizia ad imparare		urządzenie, wynalazek, ustrojstwo a device or machine that looks strange or complicated, often improvised or oddly constructed; sometimes used humorously or critically Co to za hałaśliwe ustrojstwo w rogu?
cues noun [plural ] B2 • synonyms: signals, prompts, indicators, triggers • emotional/social/visual cues; behavioral cues in therapy/acting/learning • freq in AmE: 7/10 Actors rely on visual and auditory cues to time their lines. inizia ad imparare		sygnały, wskazówki, bodźce kierujące uwagą lub zachowaniem signals, prompts, or subtle indicators that guide behavior, attention, or interpretation; can be verbal, nonverbal, environmental, or emotional — often used in psychology, acting, communication, and learning Aktorzy polegają na sygnałach wizualnych i dźwiękowych, by wejść w odpowiednim momencie.
candy bar noun [C ] B2 • synonyms: chocolate bar, snack bar • grab/eat/buy a candy bar; vending machine/emergency/snack; caramel/nougat/nuts inside; candy bar vs chocolate bar (BrE) • freq in AmE: 9/10 He grabbed a candy bar from the vending machine. \| 2. She always keeps a candy bar in her bag for emergencies. inizia ad imparare		czekoladowy batonik a sweet snack made of chocolate, often with added ingredients like caramel, nuts, nougat, or wafers, typically sold in a rectangular, portable form Sięgnął po batonik z automatu. \| 2. Zawsze nosi batonik w torebce na wszelki wypadek.
without cause collocation with cause noun [C or U ] B2 He argues that his clients were dismissed without cause, in violation of their employment contracts. \| 2. He believes that the attack was launched without good cause. inizia ad imparare		bez powodu for no reason Twierdzi, że jego klienci zostali zwolnieni bez podania przyczyny, z naruszeniem ich umów o pracę. \| 2. Uważa, że atak został przeprowadzony bez powodu.
coastline noun [C ] B2 • synonyms: shore, coastal edge • rugged/scenic/pristine coastline; protect/erode/explore coastline; coastline curves/stretches/disappears; coastline and climate/tourism/erosion • freq in AmE: 6/10 California’s rugged coastline attracts millions of tourists each year. \| 2. He lived in a small town by the coastline. inizia ad imparare		linia brzegowa, wybrzeże the outline or shape of a coast, especially seen from above or described as a continuous boundary between land and sea Skaliste wybrzeże Kalifornii przyciąga miliony turystów rocznie. \| 2. On mieszał w małym miasteczku na wybrzeżu.
hug the coastline / hug the coast collocation with coastline noun [C ] B2 • synonyms: trace/skirt/follow the coast • road/train/boat hugs the coastline; scenic route hugs the coast; hugging the coast to avoid storms • freq in AmE: 4/10 The highway hugged the coastline, offering breathtaking ocean views. inizia ad imparare		trzymać się wybrzeża, podążać wzdłuż wybrzeża to follow the shape of the coast closely, especially when describing movement (e.g. of a road, vehicle, or route) that stays near the shore Autostrada biegła wzdłuż wybrzeża, oferując zapierające dech widoki.
scenic coastline collocation with coastline noun [C ] B2 • synonyms: picturesque coast, beautiful shoreline • scenic coastline attracts/defines/stretches; explore/photograph/protect scenic coastline; scenic coastline of Oregon/Amalfi • freq in AmE: 5/10 The scenic coastline of Big Sur is one of California’s most iconic drives. inizia ad imparare		malownicze wybrzeże, malownicza linia brzegowa a stretch of coast that is visually attractive, often featuring dramatic landscapes, cliffs, beaches, or natural beauty that appeals to tourists or inspires admiration Malownicze wybrzeże Big Sur jest jedną z najbardziej charakterystycznych tras w Kalifornii.
grave concern concern noun [C or U ] B2 formal • grave concern over/about/regarding; express/voice/raise grave concern; grave concern among experts/public; grave concern for safety/human rights/environment The UN expressed grave concern over the escalating violence. inizia ad imparare		poważne zmartwienie, głębokie obawy ↪ a serious and urgent feeling of worry or apprehension, often expressed in response to a threat, injustice, or critical situation — typically used in official, diplomatic, or journalistic contexts ONZ wyraziła poważne zaniepokojenie eskalacją przemocy.
context noun [C or U] B2 • synonyms: background, setting, framework • the wider/broader context of something; in/within the context of something; in/out of context • in historical/cultural/emotional/social context; provide a context to examine the wider/broader context of the war \| 2. You can often guess the meaning of a word from its context. \| 3. The reporter took my remarks completely out of context. inizia ad imparare		kontekst, tło, okoliczności the situation, background, or circumstances in which something happens or is understood; also, the surrounding text that helps clarify meaning zbadać szerszy kontekst wojny \| 2. Często możesz odgadnąć znaczenie słowa z jego kontekstu. \| 3. Reporter całkowicie wyrwał moje słowa z kontekstu.
in the context of something collocation with context noun [C or U] B2 • synonyms: within the framework of, amid, in relation to • in the context of history/law/politics; in the context of recent events/crisis; interpret/justify/understand in the context of something The comment should be understood in the context of the broader debate. \| 2. This metaphor gains power in the context of the poem’s emotional arc. inizia ad imparare		w kontekście czegoś considered within the framework, background, or circumstances of a particular situation, event, or set of ideas Komentarz ten należy rozumieć w kontekście szerszej debaty. \| 2. Ta metafora zyskuje na sile w kontekście emocjonalnego przebiegu wiersza.
out of context collocation with context noun [C or U] B2 • synonyms: misquoted, distorted • take/quote//present something out of context • remarks/statements taken out of context; completely/deliberately out of context; defend/clarify something taken out of context Her remarks were taken out of context and sparked outrage. \| 2. She stood by her husband and insisted that his remarks had been taken out of context. \| 3. Let me explain what I said — it was completely out of context. inizia ad imparare		wyrwany z kontekstu, wyjęty z kontekstu without the surrounding circumstances or background that clarify meaning; often leading to misunderstanding or misrepresentation Jej wypowiedź została wyrwana z kontekstu i wywołała oburzenie. \| 2. Stała po stronie męża i twierdziła, że jego słowa zostały wyrwane z kontekstu. \| 3. Pozwól, że wyjaśnię — to było całkowicie wyrwane z kontekstu.
raise concerns collocation C1 with noun concern [C or U ] B2 • ↪ synonyms: express doubts, flag issues • raise concerns about/over/that; raise ethical/public/financial concerns; experts/citizens raise concerns; concerns raised in reports/media Experts raised concerns about the safety of the new drug. \| 2. One can observe rising concern about animal rights. inizia ad imparare		budzić obawy, wyrażać obawy, zgłaszać wątpliwości ↪ (WORRY) to express worry, doubt or unease about a situation, decision or development; often used to signal potential problems or risks Eksperci wyrazili obawy dotyczące bezpieczeństwa nowego leku. \| 2. Można zauważyć rosnącą troskę o prawa zwierząt.

Upper-Intermediate English (2) • NOUNS • 'C'

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