Unit 4 (Upstream)

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Domanda Risposta
versatile
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having many different uses / uniwersalny, wszechstronny, wielofunkcyjny
pricey
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expensive / drogi
stow
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to store / schować
deck
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the floor of a ship / pokład
figure
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a particular amount or number given in official information / cyfra, liczba, wielkość
fulfilment
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satisfaction from achieving sth / satysfakcja, zaspokojenie, spełnienie
conquer
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to defeat, overcome / zdobyć, podbić, zawojować
a raw/rough deal
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unfair treatment / niesprawiedliwe traktowanie
terrain
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the physical features of a stretch of land / teren
puncture
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to make a hole in a tyre / „złapać gumę”
diverge from sth
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to depart from sth and go in a different direction / rozwidlać się, rozchodzić się
unpaved
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not covered with concrete or paving stones / nieutwardzony, bez asfaltu
treacherous
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extremely dangerous and unpredictable / zdradliwy, podstępny
hazardous
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dangerous, involving risk / niebezpieczny, ryzykowny
trail
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a rough path / szlak
immersed
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submerged / zanurzony
penultimate
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the one before the last in a series / przedostatni
deface
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to spoil sth, e.g. a wall, by writing or drawing on it / zeszpecić, zniszczyć
impassable
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impossible to travel through / nieprzejezdny, nie do przebycia
hit the trail/road
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to start a journey / wyruszyć na szlak, w podróż
be riddled with sth
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to be full of sth (often bad or unpleasant) / być pełnym czegoś, upstrzonym czymś, roić się od czegoś
arid
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dry / (np. o klimacie) suchy
the dead of winter
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the middle of winter / środek zimy
in bloom
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having flowers / kwitnący, obsypany kwiatami, w rozkwicie
traverse
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to go across / przemierzyć, przecinać
meandering
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bending, winding / wijący się, kręty
flash flood
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a sudden flood after heavy rain / gwałtowna powódź
run-off
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the rainwater that is not absorbed by the soil / płynąca woda deszczowa
scatter
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to spread things all over an area / rozrzucić, rozproszyć, rozsiać
rocky outcrop
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part of a rock sticking out of the ground / wyrastający z ziemi fragment skały
boulder
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a large rounded rock / głaz
hard-core
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small pieces of stone, brick, etc used for building roads / podłoże (drogi) z kamieni, gruzu, itp
crawler
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here: a person or vehicle moving steadily forward / tu: osoba lub pojazd poruszający się wytrwale naprzód
hand-picked
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chosen carefully / starannie wyselekcjonowany
hub
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the central part of a wheel / piasta
deceptively
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encouraging to believe sth that is not true / zwodniczo, pozornie
tackle
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to deal with / stawić czoło, pokonywać przeszkodę
cleft
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a narrow opening / szczelina, rozpadlina
leg
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a stage of a journey or process / faza, stadium, etap
opt for
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to choose, decide / wybierać, zdecydować się na coś
ravine
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a very deep narrow valley with steep sides / wąwóz
traction
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the hold that sth (e.g. a vehicle) has on the ground / przyczepność
strewn
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scattered / rozrzucony, rozsypany
ledge
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a piece of rock on the side of a cliff or mountain that looks like a shelf / występ, półka skalna
contend with
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to deal with or face / zmagać się, borykać, stawić czoło
sheet metal
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metal that has been made into thin sheets / blacha (np. karoserii)
unyielding
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solid, hard / twardy, nieustępliwy, nieugięty
meticulously
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carefully, thoroughly / skrupulatnie, drobiazgowo
pick one’s way
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to move carefully and slowly / iść, posuwać się ostrożnie wybraną drogą
mishap
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an unfortunate event, an accident / niefortunny wypadek, pechowe zdarzenie
drenched
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(of clothes or skin) completely wet / przemoknięty, przemoczony
part and parcel
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an essential part of sth / nieodłączna część
moor
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to stop and secure a ship with a rope or chain so that it can’t move away / zacumować
drift
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to float or be carried by the movement of water or wind / dryfować, płynąć z prądem
disembark
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to leave, get off a ship or aeroplane at the end of a journey / wysiąść
fleet
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a group of ships / flota
gangway
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a small bridge linking the ship and the shore across which people can get on and off / trap
run aground
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(of a ship) to touch the ground in a shallow part of a river, lake, sea or ocean / osiąść na mieliźnie
permit
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an official document stating that sb may do sth / pozwolenie, przepustka
stand-by
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(of tickets) unreserved, cheaper and subject to availability / miejsce rezerwowane w ostatniej chwili
meagre
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small in quantity or poor in quality / mizerny, nędzny
deficient in sth
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not having enough of sth / niedostateczny, ubogi w coś
coarse
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rough, not smooth or soft / szorstki, chropowaty
starboard
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the right side of a ship when one is facing forward / sterburta, prawa burta
aisle
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a long narrow gap between rows of seats or shelves / nawa; przejście
stern
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severe / surowy, poważny
rekindle
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to bring back the feelings one had for one’s companion / rozpalić, rozbudzić na nowo (np. uczucie)
be sited
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to be put, placed or built in a particular area / być lub zostać usytuowanym, mieścić się
incorporate
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to include / włączyć, zawrzeć
integrate
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to become a part of or to be accepted by sth / włączyć, zintegrować (się)
spell
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a short period of time / okres, czas
rejoice
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to show great joy / radować się
pamper
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to spoil with comfort and attention / rozpieszczać
indulge in
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to allow oneself to do or have sth that one will enjoy / dogodzić sobie, sprawić przyjemność
exult
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to feel and show great happiness and pleasure in a triumph or success / cieszyć się, nie posiadać się z radości
bullet train
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(informal) a Japanese high-speed passenger train / japoński szybkobieżny pociąg pasażerski
maze
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a complex system of paths or passages designed to confuse people / labirynt
super-conducting
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allowing electricity to pass without resistance / nadprzewodzący
speck
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a very small mark, stain or piece of sth / drobina, plamka, punkcik
bequeath
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to hand down, to leave as a legacy / pozostawić, przekazać (w spadku)
oversee
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to see that sth is done or works properly / nadzorować
overlook
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to have a view from above / (o oknie) wychodzić na coś; górować nad czymś
overhang
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to stick out and hang over and above sth / zwisać, zwieszać się (nad czymś)
overlap
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to cover part of the other thing / zachodzić na coś, pokrywać się częściowo
twirl
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to turn around and around in a smooth, fairly fast movement / wirować, kręcić się
coil
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to wind into a series of loops or into the shape of a ring / zwijać (się)
snake
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to move like a snake / wić się
thaw
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to melt / roztopić się, stajać
pluck
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to pull sth (e.g. a flower) in order to remove it from where it is growing / zerwać, wyszarpnąć, wyrwać
propel
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to cause sth to move in a particular direction / wprawić w ruch, popchnąć, napędzić
lounge
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a place where you can sit and relax / hol, poczekalnia
negligence
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failure to do sth one ought to have done / zaniedbanie
skid
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to slide sideways or forwards while moving or trying to stop (e.g. a car) / wpaść w poślizg
slide
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to move smoothly and quickly / ślizgać się, ześlizgnąć się, zsunąć się
retract
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to move or pull (sth) back / cofnąć, wycofać, schować (się)
veer
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to suddenly move in one direction / zjechać z drogi, skręcić gwałtownie, obrócić się (w poprzek drogi)
down under
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(informal) in or to Australia or New Zealand / do lub w Australii lub Nowej Zelandii; na antypody, na antypodach
grass-roots
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of the ordinary people in an organisation or movement / dotyczący szeregowych członków organizacji
pound
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to hit with great force / walić, uderzać o coś; iść lub biec głośno tupiąc
flourishing
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growing healthily / kwitnący, dobrze prosperujący
dotted with sth
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having many things scattered over the surface / pokryty czymś
stuffed
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filled / wypchany
marshal
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an official who supervises a public event (usually a sports event) / organizator imprezy sportowej
sheer
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complete / czysty (np. przypadek)
rock the boat
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to upset a calm situation / namieszać, narozrabiać
fly off the handle
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to suddenly and completely lose one’s temper / wyjść z siebie, stracić panowanie nad sobą
drive sb round the bend
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to make sb crazy, to annoy sb very much / doprowadzać do szału
outrageous
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shockingly bad or excessive / skandaliczny, oburzający
merge
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to combine or come together to make a whole / połączyć (się)
ultimate
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the most important / ostateczny, największy
upkeep
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maintenance / koszty utrzymania
familiarise sb with sth
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to give sb a thorough knowledge of sth / zapoznać kogoś z czymś
lane
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a part of a main road marked by one or two painted division lines / pas drogi
hard shoulder
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a strip of ground with a hard surface along a motorway where vehicles can stop / utwardzone pobocze
lay-by
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a short strip of road by the side of a main road where cars can stop for a while / zatoczka
slip road
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a road which cars use to drive on and off a motorway / wjazd na autostradę lub zjazd z autostrady
considerate
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caring / uprzejmy, taktowny, liczący się z innymi
overtake
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to pass a car that is moving in the same direction / wyprzedzić
hazard lights
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flashing lights on a car, used when other drivers have to be warned of possible danger / światła awaryjne
etiquette
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a set of customs and rules of polite behaviour / etykieta
kick off
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to begin / rozpocząć, otworzyć
complementary
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(of two or more things or people) having an attractive combination of skills, qualities, etc / uzupełniający, dopełniający się
rack
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a piece of equipment consisting of metal or wooden bars, used for holding things in position / stojak, pojemnik; tu: bagażnik na rowery
up in arms about/over sth
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very angry about sth / oburzony czymś
unruly
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disorderly / niezdyscyplinowany
forge ahead
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to progress steadily / posuwać się do przodu
rampant
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widespread, increasing uncontrollably / szalejący, wybujały
wrapped up
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absorbed, engrossed / pochłonięty
unfold
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to develop / rozwinąć (się)
multi-layered
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with many layers / wielowątkowy, wielowarstwowy
weave
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to make a complicated story or pattern with closely linked details / dosł. tkać; tu: snuć (np. opowieść), wplatać (np. wątek)
hardship
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misfortune, difficulty / ciężkie położenie, bieda
unsettling
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worrying / niepokojący
reassess
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to think about sth and decide whether you need to change your opinion about it / ponownie rozważyć, zweryfikować ocenę
ingrained
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deeply fixed / ustalony, sztywny
engender
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to cause to occur / zrodzić, przyczynić się do powstania czegoś
restlessness
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being bored, impatient and wanting to do sth / niepokój, nerwowość
yearning
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a strong desire for sth / pragnienie, tęsknota za czymś
pore over
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to read sth and study it carefully / studiować, ślęczeć nad czymś
utilise
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to use / wykorzystywać
aviation
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of the operation and production of aircraft / lotniczy
debunk
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to show that sth is untrue / obalić, podważyć
two-pronged
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having two parts / składający się z dwóch części
hamper
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to hinder, obstruct / utrudnić, przeszkodzić
lift
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to end a law or rule / znieść, wycofać
for good measure
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in addition to a number of other things / na dokładkę
doze
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to sleep lightly for a while / zdrzemnąć się
bent on sth
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determined to do sth / zdecydowany, zdeterminowany
snooze
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to sleep lightly for a short period of time / uciąć sobie drzemkę
deter
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to prevent sb from doing sth / odstraszyć
regale sb with sth
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to tell sb stories or jokes whether they want to listen or not / raczyć kogoś, zabawiać (opowieściami lub dowcipami)
drift off
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to gradually fall asleep / zapadać w sen
get white knuckled
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to be very excited but frightened / jednocześnie bać się i być podekscytowanym
bare
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mere / nędzny, marny
garment
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a piece of clothing / część garderoby
thud
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a dull sound a heavy object makes when falling down / głuchy odgłos
strike
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to come to mind / przychodzić na myśl
tuneful
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having a pleasant tune / melodyjny
rinse
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to wash sth in clean water to remove dirt or soap / płukać
fray
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(of sb’s nerves or temper) to become strained / (o nerwach) puszczać
cater for
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to provide / troszczyć się o coś
crèche
inizia ad imparare
żłobek

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