Translation theory

First piece of translated text what language?

Greek to Latin

First piece of translated text what was it?

LIVIUS ANDRONICUS

First piece of translated text when?

250bc

Frirst translation of the Bible when?

70bc

Whhat did Cicero do?

roman orator, made speeches, said word for word is not good, sense for sense better. Patron saint of translators

Who is patron saint of translators?

St Jerome

LIVIUS ANDRONICUS what?

first piece of translated text 250bc

When st Jerome translate Bible?

396 ad

What was diffrent in the bible Jerome translated?

it was longer bc had explenations

When 1st non bible translation?

1000

1st non bible translation who and what did they translate?

Arabs in Spain translated Greek philosophers

What did Wychiff do? when?

British bishop translated bible into english (didn't finish) in 1300

When was bible translated into Polish?

1480

Was the polish bible translation good? why not?

bc it was from greek into latin into czeski into polish

What did Coverdale do? when?

translated bible wo knowing og language in 1520

What did the Calvinist church do? when?

made own bible in 1564

Polish priest jakub Wujek what did he do? when?

translated bibble into Polish really well in 1597

1st secular translation reach poland what when who translated

Pilgrims progress 1764 Stefan Cedrowski

what did translators want in 1800s

they wanted to be more famous than the authoe

what was the issue in 1880s

faithfulness to the original

whedid the translator proffesion emearge? why?

1900s bc ww1

what is the definition of translation?

translated text and act of translating sth, product and process. Also replacing words, linguistic aspecs from SL into TL

Types of translation by Roman Jakobson (3 kawy)

intralingual interlingual intersemiotic

translation studies what?

interacts with other disiplines (linguistics, semantics, cultural studies, literature, antropologyy) (all disiplines actually) (very complex issue, 4d entity)

what is the difference between stategy and method?

method- translator decide orientation for whole text strategy- when translator encounters a problem

Equivalent effect?

Make same effect on reader. Same reaction.

Word-for-word method?

Words are trranslated literally out of context.

Literal method?

Grammatical structures translated out of context. Not method just pretranslation method. Stage before translation. Literal allows finding grammatical similaritties. If stuctures match then ok.

Faithful method?

focus on cultural stuff. If has equicvalent stuff then fine. Opens list of methods that are reliable if grammar and culture can be comparable. transfers meaning a little too.

Semantic method?

Sacrifice meaning for the aesthetic slay.

Adaptation

Contains basic references to the source text. Plot characters, story can be altered. Freest form of translation. Draama, audiovisual translation, poetry.

Free translation

Matter wo manner. Content the same, form/words no. Focus on transfering meaning, form sacrifieced. Type of interpretation, longer tha oroginal sometimes bc has explenations. Con is that one can deviate too much from og.

Idiomatic method?

Encaplsulate messag but manner is altered by use of idioms not present in og. Remedy to specific translation problem. Use idiom to make sth uderstandable. Typically in movie translation bc slang, vulgar stuff itp.

Communicative method?

Only listed that focus on expectations of readers. Makes it undertandable to reader. Free family.

Discourse definition

can be defined as the analysis of text beyound and above the sentence - the attempt to find linguistic regularities in discourse; - not only about comparing words, find bigger picture, context; considering context and the text as whole;

Coherence vs. Cohesion

Cohesion - that bind sentences to each other gramatically and lexically; Coherence - notional and logical unit of the text;

Titles how they should be treated?

badly, *its hard to guarentee coherence and cohesion;

2 types of titles

descriptive (descibe topic), allusive (figural relationship to random thing in film)

The definitionn Technical translation

A subdivision of a specialized translation (one that concentrates on a specific branch of an area) Technical translation is used in manuels, instructions, reports, publicity (advertising),

Technical style

specialized trminology 5% no emotive language, connotations, sound effects, neutral in characer

technical translation what to keep in mind?

no ommiting data no creative literall approach

Varieties of technical style

academic profetional popular