Test 4

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Domanda Risposta
The electoral system
a set of rules that determines how elections and referendums are conducted and how their results are determined;
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ordynacja wyborcza, system wyborczy
Canton
-a state of the Swiss Confederation
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Kanton
Allocate
distribute resources, duties for a paticular purpose
The government should allocate more money to medical care.
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Przydzielić
Rząd powinien przeznaczyć więcej pieniędzy na opiekę medyczną.
Counterpart
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Odpowiednik
Devolution
the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration;
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przekazanie, cedowanie, zrzekanie się na rzecz
Federal law
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prawo federalne (w sensie takie, które obowiązuje w federacjach, np. w Rosji)
to trigger
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in a meaning: cause to happen
Referendum
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general vote on a single political question
Petition
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a formal written request, usually signed by many people in respect of a particular case
Irrespective
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Niezależnie, regardless of
Proportional representation
an electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them
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Reprezentacja proporcjonalna
Ballot papers
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Karty do głosowania
The party line
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linia (w znaczeniu: polityka) partii
lobby
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lobbyeek to influence (a legislator) on a issue, lobbować ^^, wywierać nacisk
(Reach or establish) a (broad) consensus
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general agreement
Influential figure
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Wpływowa postać
Hate figure
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sb regarded with contempt, hostility, hatred, especially by the general public
Prominent figure
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important, famous; ważna persona
Be seen as a figure of fun
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considered ridiculous, obiekt kpin, pośmiewisko
Call an election
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rozpisać, zarządzić wybory
Rig an election
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manage/conduct fraudulently so to gain an advantage; sfałszować, ustawić wyniki wyborów
In the run-up to the election
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in a period preceding a notable event; w przededniu wyborów
Go to the polls
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to vote; udać się do urny wyborczej
To Carry out a poll
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to conduct a poll
An emerging consensus
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becoming apparent, prominent; powstający, kształtujący się
Expose a scandal
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wyjawić skandal
Be mixed-up in a scandal
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Bądź zamieszany w skandal
cover up a scandal
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ukryć skandal, try to prevent people discovering the truth about serious mistake/crime; tuszować
Stand as an MP
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candidate to be an MP? (kandydować)
Out-spoken
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frank in stating one’s opinion, especially shocking or controversial
Right-wing MP
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Prawicowy poseł, prawicowy parlamentarzysta
Unanimous vote
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held/carried by everyone involved, jednomyślny głos
Cast your vote
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Oddać swój głos
Protest vote
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a vote cast in an election to demonstrate the voter's dissatisfaction with the choice of candidates or refusal of the current political system
Vote-rigging
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electoral fraud, oszustwo wyborcze
Alleged
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said, without a proof, to have taken place/have a specific undesirable quality; domniemany, rzekomy
A narrow victory
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won by only a small margin; nieznaczne, znikome
A landslide victory
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an overwhelming majority of votes for one party/candidate; walne, przytłaczając
A hollow victory
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without real significance, value
Claim victory
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say that the victory is yours
Earn peanuts
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earn very small amount of money
Age of retirement
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wiek emerytalny
A maximum wage
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a legal limit on how much income an individual can earn
Host an event
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Organizować wydarzenie, być gospodarzem
I’m a huge fan of the idea
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Jestem wielkim fanem tego pomysłu
I don’t really know where I stand
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Naprawdę nie wiem, gdzie stoję
I’m totally against it
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Jestem całkowicie przeciwko temu
I think the negatives far outweigh the positives
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Myślę, że negatywy znacznie przewyższają pozytywy
I can’t pass the judgement
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Nie mogę wydać wyroku
I am in favour. I just have some slight reservations
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Jestem za. Mam tylko niewielkie zastrzeżenia
Major doubts
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Główne wątpliwości
It’s ok in principle, I just think it’s unworkable
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Zasadniczo jest w porządku, po prostu myślę, że to nie działa
obscene
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morally wrong, often because it’s too large; nieprzyzwoity
push sth up
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make higher in level/amount
declare as part of income
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zadeklarować jako część dochodu
find a way round
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find a way of dealing with or avoiding a problem
be a recipe for a disaster
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to be very likely to become disaster
run up sth
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increase a debt by spending more
the bottom line
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1) final line in accounts of company/organisation, statng its total profit/loss 2) conclusion 3) the most important fact in a situation
not have a hope in hell
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to have no possibility of doing/achieving sth
legacy
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dziedzictwo
to bid
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to compete with sb to do sth (to bid to hold the Olympics), licytować
tenement (house)
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large building divided into apartments, usually in poor areas of city; dom czynszowy, kamienica czynszowa (jak w Lalce)
create division and lead to tension
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tworzyć podział i prowadzić do napięcia
reduce drug abuse
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zmniejszyć nadużywanie narkotyków
put up taxes
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Podatki zwiększyć
undermine (relations)
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make less confident/powerful/likely to suceed/weaker (often gradually); osłabiać, podkopywać
compound
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make a problem/difficult situation worse; pogarszać, potęgować
put a strain on sth
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to burden/overload sb/sth; obciążać
bankrupt
The company went bankrupt overnight.
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niewypłacalny
Firma stała się niewypłacalna z dnia na dzień.
devastate
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niszczyć
benefit
They offer numerous benefits.
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zasiłek
Oferują liczne korzyści.
discourage/encourage
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zniechęcać / zachęcać
boost
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improve/increase sth
housing
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buildings for people to live in
strengthen
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wzmacniać
expenses
We've had some unexpected expenses this month.
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wydatki
W tym miesiącu mieliśmy trochę nieprzewidzianych wydatków
resolve
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solve or end a problem/difficulty
captivity
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niewola
bureaucrat
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biurokrata
confined
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ograniczony
stamp on
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use force to stop/prevent sth you consider wrong or harmful, put a foot down on the ground hard and quickly, making a loud noise, often to show anger
gain
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zysk
charmingly
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uroczo
argue for sb’s cause
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argumentować za przyczyną sb
stand up for beliefs
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przeciwstawiać się wierzeniom
back down
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admit you were wrong/you have been defeated
ruthlessness
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cruelty, not thinking/worrying about others’ pain; bezwzgledność
charisma
That man has so much charisma! His personality attracts people to him.
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charyzma
Ten człowiek ma tyle charyzmy! Jego osobowość przyciąga ludzi.
compassion
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współczucie
bloke
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facet
account to sb for sth
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explain the reason of, cause of; wyjaśniać, rozliczać (jak ten premier podczas sesji z pytaniami)
poke fun
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make sb seem stupid by making jokes about them, laughing unkindly
hyena
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hiena
ritual note
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rytuał
mockery
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1) act of mocking 2) sth which seems stupid/without value; kpiny
ridicule
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unkind words/actions making sb/sth look stupid
historical claim
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roszczenie historyczne
neatly
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in a clever, simple way; trafnie, doskonale
slot
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an amount of time offically allowed for a single event; czas antenowy np.
satire
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satyra
champion
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support, defend, fight for sb/belief/right/principle enthusiastically
corruption
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korupcja, zepsucie
outlook
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general attitude, way of thinking
mark a difference
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oznaczyć różnicę
a moral stance
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a moral way of thinking, especially one expressed in publicly stated opinion
agenda
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1) list of things discussed during the meeting 2) things that sb/organisation considers important, wants to do/achieve; reasons to do sth
take the mickey out of sb
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laugh at sb, make seem silly/funny in unkind way
exploits
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brave, funny, unusual acts; wyczyny
entity
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organisation, business which has own separate legal/financial exsistence; jednostka
bury
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pogrzebać
cabinet
He has been in the cabinet longer than either of them.
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gabinet
On był w rządzie dłużej niż każde z nich.
quota system
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a voting system that gives preference to a certain group of people, such as people of particular gender or race, parytety
notably
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adverb used to introduced good example of sth
pioneer
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pionier
contributing factor
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czynnikiem
genocide
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ludobójstwo, the murder of large numbers of people belonging to a particular race
an inferior place
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gorsze miejsce
redress
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improve a bad situation that you’re responsible for by doing sth/giving money; zadośćuczynić
abolition
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act of completely ending sth
discriminatory law
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dyskryminujące prawo
gear towards
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prepare sth/make suitable for a particular situation, group, goal
facilitate
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help, make easier
make strides
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uczynić postępy, make progress towards a goal
detractor
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krytyk, critic
impose on
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1) introduce law and make others accept them 2) force to have same opinion; narzucać, nałożyć
hamper
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utrudniać, restrict, make more difficult
exert
You're going to exert a lot of energy when you climb that mountain tomorrow.
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use influence, authority, power in order to affect/achieve sth
Zużyjesz dużo energii, wspinając się jutro na tę górę.
token figure
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sb who is supposed to be proof that sth is done but without no real value
archaic-old, out of date
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archaiczny - stary, nieaktualny, przestarzały
bring about
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make happen; spowodować
a scope for improvement
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opportunity/freedom needed to so/develop sth; możliwość poprawy
precedent
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action/event in the past issued as an example or reason for presence; precedens
tip the balance/scales
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give sb/sth enough of an advantage to influence a result/decision
civil rights struggle
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walka o prawa obywatelskie
engage with politics
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angażować się w politykę
leak
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nieszczelność
loyal following
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group of people who support and admire one’s work/art
ensure
We need to ensure safety to the citizens.
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zagwarantować
Musimy zapewnić obywatelom bezpieczeństwo.
identity system
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system tożsamości
clutch
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hold tightly
stroll
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go/move (on foot with leisure)
gaze
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to look steadily and intently, as with great curiosity, interest, pleasure, or wonder; wpatrywać się
gasp
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say (in shock)
chatter
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to talk for a long time about things that are not important; ględzić
chuckle
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laugh (quietly); chichotać
grab
The man tried to grab Deidre's bag, but she chased him away.
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chwycić
Mężczyzna próbował chwycić torebkę Deirdre, ale przegoniła go.
giggle
Every time I do something silly in class, my friends giggle.
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chichot
Za każdym razem, gdy zrobię coś głupiego na lekcji, moi koledzy chichoczą.
glare
Diana glared at the waiter after he made a rude comment to her.
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a long, angry look; piorunować wzrokiem
mutter
Lucas was muttering under his breath because he was angry at his girlfriend.
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mamrotanie
Lucas mamrotał pod nosem, ponieważ był zły na swoją dziewczynę.
creep
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pełzanie, move quietly and slowly
stare
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gapić
race
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wyścig
stagger
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to walk, move, or stand unsteadily; chwiać się
mumble
Jarred was annoyed, so he mumbled something offensive under his breath.
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bełkot
Jarred był poirytowany, więc wymamrotał pod nosem coś obraźliwego.
political constitution
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konstytucja polityczna, A political constitution is a constitution where the legislature is the main check upon executive power
biodiversity loss
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Utrata różnorodności biologicznej
irreversible
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nieodwracalny
sustainable crops
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zrównoważone uprawy

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