Słowa na G-5

grim /ɡrɪm; US / adj. (grimmer; grimmest) 1 (used about a person) very serious; not smiling The fireman’s face was grim when he came out of the burning house. ▶ poważny ponury

3 (used about a place) unpleasant to look at; not attractive a grim block of flats ▶ ponury brzydki 4[not before a noun] (Brit., informal) feeling ill I was feeling grim yesterday but I managed to get to work. ▶ chory □ grimly/ adv. ▶ ponuro

grimace /ˈɡrɪməs; US ɡrɪˈmeɪs / noun [countable] an ugly expression on your face that shows that you are angry, disgusted or that sth is hurting you a grimace of pain ▶ grymas

grime /ɡraɪm; US / noun [uncountable] a thick layer of dirt ▶ brud

grin /ɡrɪn/ verb [intransitive] (grinning; grinned) grin (at sb) to give a wide smile (so that you show your teeth) She grinned at me as she came into the room. Mo was grinning from ear to ear. ▶ uśmiechać się szeroko wyszczerzać zęby w uśmiechu

grind1 /ɡraɪnd/ [t] (past tense, past participle ground /ɡraʊnd; US /) 1grind sth (down/up); grind sth (to/into sth) to press and break sth into very small pieces or into a powder Wheat is ground into flour. ground pepper pieprz mielony ▶ mleć

3grind sth in/into sth to press or rub sth into a surface He ground his cigarette into the ashtray. ▶ wciskać wcierać

grinder /ˈɡraɪndə(r); US / noun [countable] a machine for grinding a coffee grinder ▶ młynek szlifierka

grip1 /ɡrɪp/ noun 1 [sing.] a grip (on sb/sth) a firm hold (on sb/sth) I relaxed my grip and he ran away. You need to get a firm grip on the tennis racket. The climber slipped and lost her grip. • (figurative)

2[sing.] a grip (on sth) an understanding of sth You need to keep a good grip on reality in this job. ▶ opanowanie (czegoś) 3 [countable] the person whose job it is to move the cameras while a film is being made ▶ pomocni-k/ca kamerzysty

grip2 /ɡrɪp; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (gripping; gripped) 1 to hold sb/sth tightly She gripped my arm in fear. ▶ ściskać chwytać

gripping /ˈɡrɪpɪŋ; US / adj. exciting; holding your attention a gripping film/book ▶ trzymający w napięciu pasjonujący

grisly /ˈɡrɪzli; US / adj. (grislier; grisliest) extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with death and violence The detective stared at the grisly remains of the bodies. a grisly crime/death/murder ▶ przerażający makabryczny

gristle /ˈɡrɪsl; US / noun [uncountable] a hard substance in a piece of meat that is unpleasant to eat a lump of gristle ▶ chrząstka □ gristly /; US / adj. ▶ chrząstkowaty łykowaty

grit1 /ɡrɪt; US / noun [uncountable] 1 small pieces of stone or sand I’ve got some grit/a piece of grit in my shoe. ▶ kamyki ziarnka żwiru ⇨ look at gravel

grit2 /ɡrɪt; US / verb [transitive] (gritting; gritted) to spread small pieces of stone and sand on a road that is covered with ice The roads are gritted in icy weather. ▶ posypywać żwirem

gritty adj. 1 containing or like grit a layer of gritty dust ▶ żwirowaty 2 showing the courage and determination to continue doing sth difficult or unpleasant gritty determination a gritty performance from the British player ▶ z zacięciem

groan /ɡrəʊn; US / verb [i] groan (at/with sth) to make a deep sad sound because you are in pain, or to show that you are unhappy about sth He groaned with pain. The audience groaned at his terrible jokes. ▶ jęczeć

grocer /ˈɡrəʊsə(r); US / noun 1 [countable] a person who has a shop that sells food and other things for the home ▶ sprzedawca w sklepie spożywczym ⇨ look at greengrocer

grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri; US / noun (pl. groceries) 1(US usually ˈgrocery store) [countable] a shop that sells food and other things used in the home. In American English ‘ grocery store’ is often used to mean ‘ supermarket’. ▶ sklep spożywczy

groin /ɡrɔɪn; US / noun [countable] the front part of your body where it joins your legs ▶ pachwina

groom1 /ɡru: m; US / verb [transitive] 1 to clean or look after an animal by brushing, etc. to groom a horse/dog/cat ▶ obrządzać (konia) szczotkować (np. psa/kota)

groom2 /ɡru: m; US / noun [countable] 1 a person who looks after horses, especially by cleaning and brushing them ▶ stajenny

groove /ɡru: v; US / noun [countable] a long deep line that is cut in the surface of sth ▶ rowek wyżłobienie

grope /ɡrəʊp / verb 1 [i] grope (about/around) (for sth) to search for sth or find your way using your hands because you cannot see He groped around for the light switch. I groped my way to the cupboard to look for a torch. ▶ szukać po omacku

gross1 /ɡrəʊs; US / adj. 1 [only before a noun] being the total amount before anything is taken away gross income ▶ brutto przed potrąceniem

grotesque /ɡrəʊˈtesk; US / adj. strange or ugly in a way that is not natural ▶ groteskowy

ground1 /ɡraʊnd / noun ⇨ 1(the ground) [sing.] the solid surface of the earth We sat on the ground to eat our picnic. He slipped off the ladder and fell to the ground. waste ground nieużytki ▶ grunt ziemia

Ziemia, w której rosną rośliny, to earth lub soil. Na dworze, powierzchnia ziemi nazywa się the ground. Wewnątrz budynku, podłoga nazywa się the floor: Don’t sit on the ground. You’ll get wet. • Don’t sit on the floor. I’ll get another chair.

3[countable] a piece of land that is used for a particular purpose a sports ground a playground ▶ podwórko boisko plac (np. zabaw) 4(grounds) [pl.] land or gardens surrounding a large building the grounds of the palace ▶ teren park

ground2 /ɡraʊnd; US / verb [transitive] 1[usually passive] to force an aircraft, etc. to stay on the ground to be grounded by fog ▶ unieruchamiać uziemiać

groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ; US / adj. [only before a noun] making new discoveries; using new methods a groundbreaking piece of research ▶ przełomowy

ˈground crew (also ˈground staff) noun [countable, uncountable] the people in an airport whose job it is to look after an aircraft while it is on the ground ▶ załoga naziemna

ˌground ˈfloor (US ˌfirst ˈfloor) noun [countable] the floor of a building that is at ground level a ground-floor flat mieszkanie na parterze ▶ parter ⇨ note at floor

grounding /ˈɡraʊndɪŋ; US / noun [sing.] a grounding (in sth) the teaching of the basic facts or principles of a subject This book provides a good grounding in grammar. ▶ podstawa wprowadzenie

groundless /ˈɡraʊndləs; US / adj. having no reason or cause Our fears were groundless. ▶ bezpodstawny gołosłowny □ groundlessly /; US / ▶ bezpodstawnie gołosłownie

ˈground rule noun [countable] 1[usually pl.] a basic principle The new code of conduct lays down the ground rules for management-union relations. ▶ podstawy zasady

groundwork /ˈɡraʊndwɜ: k; US / noun [uncountable] work that is done in preparation for further work or study ▶ praca przygotowawcza przygotowanie podwaliny

Group w lp może występować z czasownikiem w lp albo lm: Our discussion group is/are meeting this week. Mając na myśli poszczególnych członków grupy na ogół używa się czasownika w lm: A group of us are planning to meet for lunch.

group1 /ɡru: p; US / noun [c] a number of people or things that are together in the same place or that are connected in some way a group of girls/trees/houses Students were standing in groups waiting for their exam results. He is in the 40-50 age group.

group2 /ɡru: p; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] group (sb/sth) (around/round sb/sth); group (sb/sth) (together) to put sb/sth or to form into one or more groups Group these words according to their meaning. ▶ grupować segregować

grove /ɡrəʊv; US / noun [countable] a small group of trees, especially of one particular type an olive grove ▶ gaj zagajnik

grovel /ˈɡrɒvl; US / verb [intransitive] (grovelling; grovelled, US groveling; groveled) 1grovel (to sb) (for sth) to try too hard to please sb who is more important than you or who can give you sth that you want

2grovel (around/about) (for sth) to move around on your hands and knees (usually when you are looking for sth) ▶ czołgać się chodzić na czworakach □ grovelling /; US / adj. I wrote a grovelling letter to my bank manager. ▶ płaszczący się

grow /ɡrəʊ; US / verb (past tense grew /ɡru:; US /, past participle grown /ɡrəʊn; US /) 1[intransitive] grow (in sth) to increase in size or number; to develop into an adult form a growing child She’s growing in confidence all the time.

2[intransitive, transitive] (used about plants) to exist and develop in a particular place; to make plants grow by giving them water, etc. Palm trees don’t grow in cold climates. We grow vegetables in our garden. ▶ rosnąć uprawiać

3[transitive] to allow your hair or nails to grow Claire’s growing her hair long. to grow a beard/moustache ▶ zapuszczać (np. włosy)

growing /ˈɡrəʊɪŋ; US / adj. [only before a noun] increasing A growing number of people are becoming vegetarian these days. ▶ narastający rosnący

growl /ɡraʊl; US / verb [intransitive] growl (at sb/sth) (used about dogs and other animals) to make a low noise in the throat to show anger or to give a warning ▶ warczeć ryczeć □ growl noun [countable] ▶ warczenie ryk

grown2 /ɡrəʊn; US / adj. [only before a noun] physically an adult a fully-grown elephant I’ve never seen a grown man cry before. ▶ dorosły dojrzały

growth /ɡrəʊɵ; US / noun ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[uncountable] the process of growing and developing A good diet is very important for children’s growth. a growth industry (szybko) rozwijający się przemysł ▶ wzrost rozwój

3[countable] a lump caused by a disease that grows in a person’s or an animal’s body a cancerous growth ▶ narośl nowotwór 4[uncountable] something that has grown several days’ growth (kilkudniowy zarost) of beard ▶ przyrost

grub /ɡrʌb; US / noun 1 [countable] the first form that an insect takes when it comes out of the egg. Grubs are short, fat and white. ▶ larwa 2[uncountable] (informal) food I’m starving – I need some grub. ▶ żarcie

/ɡrʌdʒ/ [c] a grudge (against sb) unfriendly feelings towards sb, because you are angry about what has happened in the past to bear a grudge against somebody mieć komuś coś za złe That’s all in the past – I don’t hold any grudges now. ▶ uraza żal

grudging /ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋ; US / adj. given or done although you do not want to grudging thanks ▶ niechętny skąpy □ grudgingly /; US / adv. ▶ niechętnie skąpo

gruelling (US grueling) /ˈɡru:əlɪŋ; US / adj. very tiring and long a gruelling nine-hour march ▶ wyczerpujący męczący

gruff /ɡrʌf; US / adj. (used about a person or a voice) rough and unfriendly ▶ gburowaty opryskliwy burkliwy □ gruffly /; US / adv. ▶ gburowato burkliwie opryskliwie

Grumble, moan lub whinge używa się, narzekając na coś, co nie spełnia naszych oczekiwań. Natomiast skarżąc się komuś lub wnosząc oficjalną skargę w celu zmiany sytuacji na lepsze, używa się czasownika complain

grumble /ˈɡrʌmbl; US / verb [intransitive] to complain in a bad-tempered way; to keep saying that you do not like sth The students were always grumbling about the standard of the food. ▶ narzekać utyskiwać

grumpy /ˈɡrʌmpi; US / adj. (grumpier; grumpiest) (informal) bad-tempered Why is Jenny so grumpy today? I was in a grumpy mood this morning, but I’m feeling quite cheerful now. ▶ zły naburmuszony nabzdyczony

grunt /ɡrʌnt; US / verb [i, t] to make a short low sound in the throat. People grunt when they do not like sth or are not interested and do not want to talk I tried to find out her opinion but she just grunted. ▶ chrząkać odmruknąć

guarantee1 /ˌɡærənˈti:; US / noun [countable, uncountable] 1 a firm promise that sth will be done or that sth will happen The refugees are demanding guarantees about their safety before they return home. ▶ poręczenie gwarancja

3 something that makes sth else certain to happen If you don’t have a reservation there’s no guarantee that you’ll get a seat on the train. ▶ gwarancja

/ˌɡærənˈti:/ [t] 1 to promise that sth will be done or will happen They have guaranteed delivery within one week. I can guarantee that you will have a good time. You can guarantee that if you’re in a hurry, the bus will be late. ▶ gwarantować ręczyć

guard1 /ɡɑ: d; US / noun 1 [countable] a person who protects a place or people, or who stops prisoners from escaping The prisoner slipped past the guards on the gate and escaped. a security guard ▶ strażnik konwojent ochraniarz

3[sing., with sing. or pl. verb] The president always travels with an armed guard. The guard is/are being inspected today. a guard of honour warta honorowa the changing of the guard (zmiana warty) at Buckingham Palace ▶ warta straż

5(US conductor) [countable] a person who is in charge of a train but does not drive it ▶ konduktor kierownik pociągu

guard2 /ɡɑ: d; US / verb [transitive] 1 to keep sb/sth safe from other people; protect The building was guarded by men with dogs. soldiers guarding the President • (figurative) a closely guarded secret ▶ strzec chronić zabezpieczać

guardian /ˈɡɑ: diən; US / noun [countable] 1 a person or institution that guards or protects sth The police are the guardians of law and order. ▶ stróż obrońca

guerrilla (also guerilla) /ɡəˈrɪlə; US / noun [countable] a member of a small military group who are not part of an official army and who make surprise attacks on the enemy guerrilla warfare partyzantka ▶ partyzant/ka

guess1 /ɡes;/ verb 1[i, t] guess (at sth) to try and give an answer or make a judgement about sth I’d guess that he’s about 45. If you’re not sure of an answer, guess. We can only guess at her reasons for leaving. ▶ zgadywać domyślać się

3[transitive] (especially US, informal) to imagine that sth is probably true or likely; to suppose I guess you’re tired after your long journey. We ought to leave soon, I guess. ▶ przypuszczać domyślać się

guess2 /ɡes; US / noun [countable] an effort you make to imagine a possible answer or give an opinion when you cannot be sure if you are right If you don’t know the answer, then have a guess (zgadnij)!

guesstimate (also guestimate) /ˈɡestɪmət; US / noun [countable] (informal) an attempt to calculate sth that is based more on guessing than on information ▶ szacunkowe obliczenie

guesswork /ˈɡeswɜ: k; US / noun [uncountable] an act of guessing I arrived at the answer by pure guesswork. ▶ zgadywanie domysły

guest /ɡest; US / noun [countable] 1 a person who is invited to a place or to a special event wedding guests I went to the dance as Julie’s guest. We have a mystery guest on tonight’s show. Who is the guest speaker at the conference? ▶ gość

ˈguest house noun [countable] a small hotel, sometimes in a private house ▶ pensjonat

guidance /ˈɡaɪdns; US / noun [uncountable] guidance (on sth) help or advice Activities take place under the guidance of an expert tutor. The centre offers guidance for unemployed people on how to find work. ▶ porada poradnictwo

guide1 /ɡaɪd; US / noun [countable] 1 a book, magazine, etc. that gives information or help on a subject A Guide to Family Health Your Guide to Using the Internet Have we got a TV guide (program telewizyjny) for this week? ▶ przewodnik

3 a person who shows tourists or people who are travelling where to go She works as a tour guide in Venice. We found a guide who knew the mountains well. ▶ przewodni-k/czka

guide2 /ɡaɪd/ [t] 1 to help a person or a group of people to find the way to a place He guided us through the busy streets to our hotel. We were guided around the museum by a young student. ▶ prowadzić nakierowywać

3 to help sb deal with sth difficult or complicated The manual will guide you through every step of the procedure. ▶ (po)prowadzić

guided /ˈɡaɪdɪd; US / adj. led by a guide a guided tour/walk ▶ z przewodnikiem

ˌguided ˈmissile noun [countable] a missile that can be guided to its destination by electronic devices while in flight ▶ pocisk kierowany

ˈguide dog noun [countable] a dog trained to guide a person who is unable to see ▶ pies przewodnik

guideline /ˈɡaɪdlaɪn; US / noun [countable] 1[usually pl.] official advice or rules on how to do sth The government has issued new guidelines on food safety. ▶ wytyczna zalecenie wskazówka

guild /ɡɪld; US / noun [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] an organization of people who do the same job or who have the same interests or aims the Screen Actors’ Guild ▶ stowarzyszenie cech

guillotine /ˈɡɪləti: n / noun [countable] 1 a machine that was used in France in the past for cutting people’s heads off ▶ gilotyna 2 a machine used for cutting paper ▶ gilotyna □ guillotine verb [transitive] ▶ ścinać na gilotynie gilotynować

guilt /ɡɪlt/ [u] 1guilt (about/at sth) the feelings that you have when you know that you have done sth bad I sometimes feel guilt about not spending more time with my children. He had a strong sense of guilt at not having helped his friend. ▶ wina

3 the responsibility for doing sth wrong or for sth bad that has happened It’s difficult to say whether the guilt lies with the parents or the children. ▶ wina

/ˈɡɪlti/ (guiltier; guiltiest) 1guilty (about sth) having an unpleasant feeling because you have done sth bad I feel really guilty about lying to Sam. a guilty conscience nieczyste sumienie Why has Mike got a guilty look on his face? ▶ winny

guinea pig /ˈɡɪni pɪɡ; US / noun [countable] 1 a small animal with no tail that is often kept as a pet ▶ świnka morska ⇨ note at pet

guise /ɡaɪz/ noun [countable] a way in which sb/sth appears, which is often different from usual or hides the truth The President was at the meeting in his guise as (jako) chairman of the charity.

guitar /ɡɪˈtɑ:(r); US / noun [countable] a type of musical instrument with strings that you play with your fingers or with a plectrum Do you play acoustic or electric guitar? Can you play the guitar? ▶ gitara

guitarist /ɡɪˈtɑ: rɪst; US / noun [countable] a person who plays the guitar ▶ gitarzyst(k)a

gulf /ɡʌlf; US / noun 1 [countable] a part of the sea that is almost surrounded by land the Gulf of Mexico ▶ zatoka 2(the Gulf) [sing.] the Persian Gulf the oil-producing Gulf states ▶ Zatoka Perska

gull /ɡʌl; US / (also seagull /ˈsi:ɡʌl; US /) noun [countable] a white or grey bird that makes a loud noise and lives near the sea ▶ mewa rybitwa

gullet /ˈɡʌlɪt; US / noun [countable] the tube through which food pases from your mouth to your stomach ▶ przełyk Bardziej formalnym słowem jest oesophagus.

gum /ɡʌm; US / noun 1 [countable] either of the firm pink parts of your mouth that hold your teeth gum disease ▶ dziąsło 2[uncountable] a substance that you use to stick things together (especially pieces of paper) ▶ klej guma arabska

gun1 /ɡʌn; US / noun [countable] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 a weapon that is used for shooting The robber held a gun to the bank manager’s head. ▶ broń palna pistolet

gunfire /ˈɡʌnfaɪə(r); US / noun [uncountable] the repeated firing of guns We could hear gunfire. ▶ wystrzał strzelanie

gunman /ˈɡʌnmən; US / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a man who uses a gun to steal from or kill people ▶ uzbrojony bandyta

gunpowder /ˈɡʌnpaʊdə(r); US / noun [uncountable] a powder that can explode and is used in guns, etc. ▶ proch strzelniczy

gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt; US / noun [countable] the firing of a gun or the sound that it makes He received gunshot wounds to the legs. I heard a gunshot and lay on the ground. ▶ wystrzał strzał

gurgle /ˈɡɜ:ɡl; US / verb [intransitive] 1 to make a sound like water flowing quickly through a narrow space a gurgling stream ▶ gulgotać bulgotać 2 if a baby gurgles, it makes a noise in its throat because it is happy ▶ gaworzyć

guru /ˈɡʊru:; US / noun [countable] 1 a spiritual leader or teacher in the Hindu religion ▶ guru 2 a person whose opinions you admire and respect, and whose ideas you follow a management/fashion guru ▶ mistrz guru mentor

gush /ɡʌʃ; US / verb 1 [intransitive] gush (out of/from/into sth); gush out/in (used about a liquid) to flow out suddenly and in great quantities Blood gushed from the wound. I turned the tap on and water gushed out. ▶ tryskać chlustać

□ gush noun [countable] a sudden gush of water I felt a gush of emotion. ▶ tryśnięcie chlust potok

gust /ɡʌst; US / noun [countable] a sudden strong wind There will be gusts of wind of up to 80 miles per hour. ▶ poryw wiatru podmuch

gut1 /ɡʌt; US / noun 1 [countable] the tube in the body that food passes through when it leaves the stomach ▶ kiszka jelito

3 [countable] a person’s fat stomach I’m getting a bit of a gut – I should exercise more. ▶ kałdun brzuszysko

gut2 /ɡʌt; US / verb [transitive] (gutting; gutted) 1 to destroy the inside of a building The warehouse was gutted by fire. ▶ zniszczyć wnętrze budynku 2 to remove the organs from inside an animal, fish, etc. ▶ patroszyć sprawiać

gut3 /ɡʌt; US / adj. [only before a noun] based on emotion or feeling rather than on reason a gut feeling/reaction ▶ odruchowy

gutter /ˈɡʌtə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a long piece of metal or plastic with a curved bottom that is fixed to the edge of a roof to carry away the water when it rains ▶ rynna

guy /ɡaɪ; US / noun 1 [countable] (informal) a man or a boy He’s a nice guy. ▶ facet chłop/ak

gym /dʒɪm; US / noun 1 (also formal gymnasium /dʒɪmˈneɪziəm; US / (pl. gymnasiums or gymnasia /-zɪə; US /) [countable] a large room or a building with equipment for doing physical exercise

gymnast /ˈdʒɪmnæst; US / noun [countable] a person who does gymnastics ▶ gimnasty-k/czka

gynaecology (US gynecology) /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɒlədʒi; US / noun [uncountable] the study and treatment of the diseases and medical problems of women ▶ ginekologia

Gypsy (also Gipsy) /ˈdʒɪpsi; US / noun [countable] (pl. Gypsies) a member of a race of people who traditionally spend their lives travelling around from place to place, living in caravans ▶ Rom/ka Cygan/ka