semantics

semantics

study of language that deals with meaning

meaning

a complex phenomenon which includes relationship between: 1. language and word, 2. language and mind of the speaker, 3. language and practical uses to which it is put

conceptual meaning

literal meaning of the word

associative meaning

meaning depending on the feeling and association the word invokes based on experience

semantics features

eg. animate, human, female, adult

semantics roles

roles that nouns play in the sentence

agent

the entity that performs the action

theme

entity that is affected by the action

instrument

the entity that the action is performed with

experiencer

entity that experiences emotional or sensory input

location

a place

source

where the action begins

goal

where the action ends

lexical relations

how the words are related

synonymy

words with similiar meaning (almost/nearly, big/large)

antonymy

words with opposite meanings (big/small, good/bad)

hyponymy

relation of inclusion (meaning of one word is included in another) (creature-animal-dog)

prototype

most characteristic example of category (pet=dog, bird=Sparrow)

homophones

words that are written different but sound the same and have different meanings (bare/bear, meat/meet)

homonyms

one form has several unrelated meanings (bat-an animal/bat-in sports)

polysemy

one word has different but related meanings (head-part of body-at the top- head master)

metonymy

word which is closely associated with another word (bottle-water, car-wheels)

collocation

words that frequently go together (heavy rain)