Pax Romana: War, Peace and Conquest

A brutal military terror in which thousands died was followed up by billeting the soldiers on the better-off citizens of the provincial capitals, while their sovereign courts were exiled to remote small towns.

Hannibal's army was once led astray by confusion over the pronunciation of a place name.

They were also enraged by the sights and stories of the atrocities committed by the rebels.

Goods also went the other way, especially metal ores, including the tin vital for making bronze, as well as large number of slaves.

Smartfony stały się wszechobecne w ciągu ostatnich pięciu lat.

Smartphones have become ubiquitous in the last five years.

Most bog finds a date to the third century AD.

Once again it is worth repeating that there is no evidence for any rebellion or serious disturbance in lowland Britain after Boudicca.

This does not in any way exonerate the Romans from their own acts of violence.

it is not necessary to reconcile the cost accounts to the financial accounts

Qualifying the completeness of the Pax Romana should not make us forget just what a remarkable achievement it was.

In some parts of the provinces, usually in mountainous or other inaccessible countries, it was always a problem, often necessitating a permanent military presence.

Red Sea ports, travellers were charged during their journey and again on arrival at the port, before being permitted to embark with their wares.

The empire's frontiers were never intended to be impermeable fortified lines.

As a result, they began to settle on land that was east of the river but previously kept clear b the Roman army and were forcibly evicted.

Dismissing them as bandits and criminals rather than formal enemies helped to vilify them.

Tacitus praised his father-in-law Agricola for skill in choosing the sites of forts and providing them with well-stocked granaries.

Tethering is a feature that lets your mobile phone share its wireless data connection with your computer.

Tacitus claimed that the appalling punishment stiffened the morale of the rest of the army.

But the other side of the story is of course, perhaps it is possible they were on some clandestine mission.

It was very rare even for a few neighbours to act in concert.

The power of such warlords was precarious and rarely outlived them.

The power of such warlords was precarious and rarely outlived them.

Then came Crassus' unprovoked attack, his subsequent defeat at Carrhae.

Indulge the soldiers and despise everyone else

He carried corruption to such a pitch that in the language of the rabble he was known...

Since the tenure of each magistracy was brief.

They never have a truce from training.

Possessing a short-range missile capability and very dangerous at close quarters.

He had no qualms about having the accused flogged and humiliated while stating that he did not find evidence for a capital charge.

Unless condemned for a serious crime, the free population was not compelled to perform some of the most unpleasant work, such as toiling in the mines.

supplanting established institutions

The decision illustrates a fairly consistent approach by the Court of Appeal in cases where police officers from a particular squad or force have been proved to have misconducted themselves.

His wife Placina appeared at reviews, and was accused of ingratiating herself with the army.

made it harder for crimes to escape notice, unless all of these could be made complicit

Hadrian was the first to sport a beard, a neater version of the full beads of Greek philosophers.

Augustus` image remained eternally youthful, while Claduis` status concealed his infirmity.

Roman law decreed the execution of an entire household when even one killed or tried to kill his master.

The future emperor Vespasian was pelted with turnips by an angry crowd.

The future emperor Vespasian was pelted with turnips by an angry crowd.