My lesson

- The "iron horse" and its effect on the West

refers to the impact of the railroad on the development and expansion of the American West during the late 19th century.

- Cornelius and William Vanderbilt

prominent figures in the railroad and shipping industries, known for their vast wealth and control over transportation networks.

- Interstate Commerce Act, 1887

legislation designed to regulate the railroad industry, ensuring fair rates and prohibiting discriminatory practices.

- Alexander G. Bell

inventor credited with inventing the telephone, revolutionizing communication.

- Thomas A. Edison

renowned inventor known for the electric light bulb and the phonograph, among other innovations.

- Andrew Carnegie/"vertical integration"

Carnegie, a steel magnate, employed vertical integration, controlling all aspects of production within his steel company.

- John D. Rockefeller/"horizontal integration"

Rockefeller, an oil tycoon, implemented horizontal integration, consolidating and controlling oil refineries and distribution.

- J.P. Morgan/"interlocking directorates"

Morgan, a financier, established interlocking directorates, allowing him to consolidate control over various companies by placing his associates on their boards.

- "Gospel of Wealth"

Andrew Carnegie's belief that the wealthy had an obligation to use their riches to improve society.

- "Social Darwinism"

ideology applying Darwin's theory of natural selection to society, justifying economic inequalities as natural and necessary.

- Sherman Anti-trust Act, 1890

legislation aimed at preventing monopolistic business practices and promoting fair competition.

- Henry Grady's "New South"

concept advocating for a modernized, industrialized southern economy after the Civil War.

- Changes caused by the 2nd Industrial Revolution

refers to advancements in technology, industrial production, and urbanization during the late 19th century.

- "Gibson Girl"

idealized image of the independent and athletic American woman in the late 19th century.

- Knights of Labor/Terence Powderly & "Mother" Jones

influential labor organizations and leaders advocating for workers' rights during the late 1800s.

- Haymarket Square bombing 5/4/1886

a violent confrontation during a labor protest in Chicago that resulted in deaths and led to the vilification of the labor movement.

- American Federation of Labor/Samuel Gompers

a prominent labor union advocating for better wages, working conditions, and collective bargaining.

- Was industrialization a "boon or blight?" p. 537

reflects the ongoing debate about whether industrialization brought more positive benefits or negative consequences to society.