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advantage
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a good or useful feature that something has
disadvantage
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something that causes problems, or that makes someone or something less likely to be successful or effective
abroad
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in or to a foreign country
feature
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part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical
notion
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an idea, belief, or opinion
conventional wisdom
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the opinion that most people consider to be normal and right, but that is sometimes shown to be wrong
desire
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a strong hope or wish
fairytale
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extremely happy, lucky etc in a way that usually only happens in children’s stories
specification
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a clear statement of what is needed or wanted
unveil
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to show or tell people about a new product or plan for the first time
slide
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to move smoothly over a surface while continuing to touch it, or to make something move in this way
bouncy castle
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a large object filled with air, often shaped like a castle, that children jump on for fun
option
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a choice you can make in a particular situation
expose
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to show something that is usually covered or hidden
reveal
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to make known something that was previously secret or unknown
outline
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to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details
uncover
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to find out about something that has been kept secret
issue
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a subject or problem that is often discussed or argued about, especially a social or political matter that affects the interests of a lot of people
challenge
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something that tests strength, skill, or ability, especially in a way that is interesting
claim
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to state that something is true, even though it has not been proved
express
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to tell or show what you are feeling or thinking by using words, looks, or actions
utter
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to make a sound with your voice, especially with difficulty
substance
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a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas
component
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one of several parts that together make up a whole machine, system etc
material
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a solid substance such as wood, plastic, or metal
element
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one part or feature of a whole system, plan, piece of work etc, especially one that is basic or important
supreme
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the greatest possible
ultimate
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better, bigger, worse etc than all other things or people of the same kind
fundamental
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relating to the most basic and important parts of something
zone
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a large area that is different from other areas around it in some way
area
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a particular part of a country, town etc
premise
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the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses
grounds
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the land or gardens surrounding a large building
remote
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far from towns or other places where people live
hustle and bustle
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busy and noisy activity
retrace
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if you retrace your steps, you go back exactly the way you came
solitude
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when you are alone, especially when this is what you enjoy
renovate
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to repair a building or old furniture so that it is in good condition again
emotion
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a strong human feeling such as love, hate, or anger
deny
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to say that something is not true, or that you do not believe something
possess
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to have a particular quality or ability
promise
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to tell someone that you will definitely do or provide something or that something will happen
irritating
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an irritating habit, situation etc keeps annoying you
whine
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if a machine whines, it makes a continuous high sound
wail
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to make a long high sound
siren
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a piece of equipment that makes very loud warning sounds, used on police cars, fire engines etc
rumble
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to move slowly along while making a series of long low sounds
belly
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your stomach or the deep part of something
soundscape
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atmosphere created by sound
perception
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the way you think about something and your idea of what it is like
vibrant
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full of activity or energy in a way that is exciting and attractive
buzz
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a continuous noise like the sound of a bee
hybrid
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something that consists of or comes from a mixture of two or more other things
creep up on
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to surprise someone by walking up behind them silently
unsuspecting
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not knowing that something bad is happening or going to happen
pedestrian
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someone who is walking, especially along a street or other place used by cars
dweller
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a person or animal that lives in a particular place
acoustic
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relating to sound and the way people hear things
fleet
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a group of vehicles that are controlled by one company
chirp
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if a bird or insect chirps, it makes short high sounds
sparrow
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a small brown bird, very common in many parts of the world
sigh
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to breathe in and out making a long sound, especially because you are bored, disappointed, tired etc
breeze
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a gentle wind
giggle
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to laugh quickly, quietly, and in a high voice, because something is funny or because you are nervous or embarrassed
toddler
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a very young child who is just learning to walk
gutter
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the low part at the edge of a road where water collects and flows away
distress
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a feeling of extreme unhappiness
bark1
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when a dog barks, it makes a short loud sound or series of sounds
clap
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to hit your hands against each other many times to make a sound that shows your approval, agreement, or enjoyment
cough1
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to suddenly push air out of your throat with a short sound, often repeatedly
groan1
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to make a long deep sound because you are in pain, upset, or disappointed, or because something is very enjoyable
purr
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if a cat purrs, it makes a soft low sound in its throat to show that it is pleased
roar1
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a deep, loud noise made by an animal such as a lion, or by someone’s voice
shudder
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to shake for a short time because you are afraid or cold, or because you think something is very unpleasant
stutter1
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to speak with difficulty because you cannot stop yourself from repeating the first consonant of some words
tremble1
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if your voice trembles, it sounds nervous and unsteady
sigh
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an act or sound of sighing
recital
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a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one performer
allergic
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having an allergy
pollen
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a fine powder produced by flowers, which is carried by the wind or by insects to other flowers of the same type, making them produce seeds
clap
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a sudden loud noise
roar2
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a continuous loud noise, especially made by a machine or a strong wind
bark2
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to say something quickly in a loud voice
cough2
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to make a sudden sound like someone coughing
groan2
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to make a low deep sound
stutter2
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if a machine stutters, it keeps making little noises and does not work smoothly
cut out
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if an engine or machine cuts out, it suddenly stops working
tremble2
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to shake slightly
baffled
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if you are baffled, you cannot understand or explain something
distinctive
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having a special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognize
feat
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something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength etc to do
privilege
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a special advantage that is given only to one person or group of people:
ordeal
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a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of time
memorise
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to learn words, music etc so that you know them perfectly
imply
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to suggest that something is true, without saying this directly
artery
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one of the tubes that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body
vein
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one of the tubes which carries blood to your heart from other parts of your body
capillary
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the smallest type of blood vessel
landmark
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something that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are
prospective
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someone who is likely to do a particular thing or achieve a particular position
recite
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to tell someone a series or list of things
narrate
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to tell a story by describing all the events in order, for example in a book
undergo
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if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you
mortal
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ordinary people, as compared with people who are more important, more powerful, or more skilled – used humorously
anatomy
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the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies
physiology
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the science that studies the way in which the bodies of living things work
exhibit
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to clearly show a particular quality, emotion, or ability
champion
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champion in inglese
someone or something that has won a competition, especially in sport
spatial
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relating to the position, size, shape etc of things
cluster
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a group of things of the same kind that are very close together
navigation
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the science or job of planning which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another
in-depth
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thorough, complete, and considering all the details
bid
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an attempt to achieve or obtain something
replicate
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if you replicate someone’s work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again
unique
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existing only in a particular place or in relation to a particular person or people
set something apart
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if a quality sets someone or something apart, it makes them different from or better than other people or things
somewhat
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more than a little but not very
in awe of
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if you are in awe of somebody, you admire them and have great respect for them and sometimes a slight fear of them
fare
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if you fare well or badly you are successful, unsuccessful etc
sin
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something that you think is very wrong
ply their trade
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if you ply your trade, you work at your business, especially buying and selling things on the street
abound
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to exist in very large numbers
frantic
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extremely hurried and using a lot of energy, but not very organized
labyrinth
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a large network of paths or passages which cross each other, making it very difficult to find your way
hail
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to call to someone in order to greet them or try to attract their attention
ooze
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to show a lot of a particular quality or feeling
directory
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a book or list of names, facts etc, usually arranged in alphabetical order
studious
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spending a lot of time studying and reading
quaint
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unusual and attractive, especially in an old-fashioned way
cabbies
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a taxi driver
appalled
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very shocked and upset by something very bad or unpleasant
criticism
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remarks that say what you think is bad about someone or something
justification
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a good and acceptable reason for doing something
absence
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the lack of something or the fact that it does not exist
uninspiring
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not at all interesting or exciting
claustrophobia
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a strong fear of being in a small enclosed space or in a situation that limits what you can do
chore
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a small job that you have to do regularly, especially work that you do to keep a house clean
get rid of
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if you get rid of something, you throw it away or destroy it because you do not want it any more
world-renowned
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if something is world-renowned, it is known and admired around the world by a lot of people, especially for a special skill, achievement, or quality
mecca
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a place that many people want to visit for a particular reason
boast
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if a place, object, or organization boasts something, it has something that is very good
iconic
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very famous or popular, thought to be representative of particular ideas or a particular time
endow
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if something or someone is endowed with something, they naturally have a good feature or quality
asset
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something or someone that is useful because they help you succeed or deal with problems
logo
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a small design that is the official sign of a company or organization
slogan
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a short phrase that is easy to remember and is used in advertisements, or by politicians, organizations etc
by-law
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a law made by a local government that people in that area must obey
artistry
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skill in a particular artistic activity
expertise
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special skills or knowledge in a particular subject, that you learn by experience or training
dress code
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a dress code is set of rules about what to wear
brainstorm
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to hold a group discussion in order to get ideas
podcast
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a radio programme that can be downloaded from the Internet
suburb
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an area where people live which is away from the centre of a town or city
urban renewal
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urban renewal is when the poor areas of towns are improved by making new jobs, industries, homes etc
infrastructure
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the basic systems and structures that a country or organization needs in order to work properly, for example roads, railways, banks etc
discourage
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to make someone less confident or less willing to do something
sketch
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a simple, quickly made drawing that does not show much detail
upbeat
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positive and making you feel that good things will happen
graffiti
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rude, humorous, or political writing and pictures on the walls of buildings, trains etc
impact
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the effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone or something
underside
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the bottom side or surface of something

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