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Bailout

Financial support given to a company or country facing serious financial difficulty.

2. Bank run

A large number of customers withdraw their deposits because they believe the bank may fail.

3. Bank transfer

The movement of money from one bank account to another.

4. Barriers-to-entry

Obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter a market.

5. Bearishness

Expectation that prices will fall in a financial market.

6. Blue chips

Well-established, financially sound companies with a history of reliable performance.

7. Bond

A debt security where the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay interest and repay principal.

8. Bonus issue

Free additional shares given to existing shareholders.

9. Bullishness

Expectation that prices will rise in a financial market.

10. Buy and hold

Long-term investment strategy of holding assets regardless of market fluctuations.

11. Capital growth

Increase in the value of an asset or investment over time.

12. Cash dispenser

A machine that provides cash when a card and PIN are used (ATM).

13. Clearing bank

A bank that clears cheques and other payments through a clearing house.

14. Collateral

An asset pledged as security for a loan.

15. Commercial bank

A bank offering services to the public and businesses.

16. Coupon

The interest rate paid on a bond.

17. Current account

A bank account used for day-to-day transactions.

18. Default

Failure to meet legal obligations of a loan.

19. Defensive stocks

Stocks that provide consistent dividends and earnings regardless of market conditions.

20. Derivative

A financial instrument whose value depends on an underlying asset.

21. Direct debit

An instruction to a bank to pay a fixed or variable amount regularly.

22. Dividend

A portion of a company's profits distributed to shareholders.

23. Dividend yield

Dividend per share divided by share price.

24. Due diligence

A comprehensive appraisal of a business before a transaction.

25. Ease of substitution

How easily one product can be replaced with another.

26. Endowment

A financial gift or fund, often used by institutions.

27. Equity

Ownership interest in a company in the form of shares.

28. Fixed rate

An interest rate that does not change over the life of the loan or bond.

29. Floatation

The process of offering shares of a private company to the public.

30. Floating rate

An interest rate that changes with the market or index.

31. Fluctuate

To change continuously, especially up and down.

32. Treasury bill

Short-term government security with no interest, sold at a discount.

33. Forward

Agreement to buy/sell an asset at a future date at a set price.

34. Future

A standardized contract to buy/sell assets at a future date at a market-agreed price.

35. Go public

When a company offers its shares to the public for the first time.

36. Grant a loan

To approve and provide a loan.

37. Growth stocks

Shares in a company expected to grow at an above-average rate.

38. Gilts

UK government bonds.

39. Insolvency

Inability to pay debts.

40. Investment bank

A bank that helps companies raise capital and offers financial consultancy.

41. IPO

Initial Public Offering: a company’s first sale of stock to the public.

42. Issue stocks

To offer shares for sale.

43. Junk bond

A high-risk bond with high return potential.

44. Liquidity

The ease with which an asset can be converted into cash.

45. Market capitalization

Total value of a company’s outstanding shares.

46. Mark-up

The difference between the cost and the selling price.

47. Market penetration

The extent to which a product is recognized and bought.

48. Maturity

The date when an investment becomes payable.

49. (missing from list)

49. (missing from list)

50. Mutual fund

A company that pools money to invest in various assets.

51. Nominal value

Face value of a share or bond.

52. Option

The right to buy/sell an asset at a set price before a certain date.

53. Ordinary shares

Common stock with voting rights and profit entitlement.

54. Overdraft

A facility allowing withdrawals exceeding the account balance.

55. Overdrawn

Having taken more money than is in the bank account.

56. Over-the-counter

Financial instruments traded outside formal exchanges.

57. P/E ratio

Price to earnings ratio, indicates how much investors are paying per unit of profit.

58. Pension fund

A pool of assets forming retirement income for employees.

59. Price elasticity

A measure of how demand changes with price.

60. Primary market

Market where securities are issued for the first time.

61. Principal

The original sum of money borrowed or invested.

62. Prospectus

A document advertising a company’s share offering.

63. Raise

To lift or increase; also used to describe collecting funds.

64. Reserve requirement

The minimum reserves a bank must hold.

65. Return on equity (ROE)

Net income divided by shareholder equity.

66. Rights issue

An offer to existing shareholders to buy more shares.

67. Rise

An increase in value or level.

68. Savings account

A bank account that earns interest.

69. Secondary market

Market where existing securities are traded.

70. Security

A financial asset, such as stocks or bonds.

71. Share

A unit of ownership in a company.

72. Spread

The difference between buying and selling prices.

73. Standing order

Regular fixed payments from a bank account.

74. Stock

A share in the ownership of a company.

75. Swap

An agreement to exchange financial instruments.

76. Treasury

The funds or revenue of a government or institution.

77. Treasury bond

Long-term US government bond.

78. Treasury note

Medium-term US government debt instrument.

79. Underwrite

To guarantee financial support for an issue or policy.

80. Value stocks

Undervalued stocks relative to their fundamentals.

81. Yield

The income return on an investment.

82. Zero coupon bonds

Bonds that pay no interest but are sold at a discount.

Hedging

A strategy used to reduce or offset the risk of adverse price movements in an asset. It typically involves taking an opposite position in a related security, such as using derivatives to protect against losses.

Bailout

Financial support given to a company or country facing serious financial difficulty.

Bank run

A large number of customers withdraw their deposits because they believe the bank may fail.

Bank transfer

The movement of money from one bank account to another.

Barriers-to-entry

Obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter a market.

Bearishness

Expectation that prices will fall in a financial market.

Blue chips

Well-established, financially sound companies with a history of reliable performance.

Bond

A debt security where the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay interest and repay principal.

Bonus issue

Free additional shares given to existing shareholders.

Bullishness

Expectation that prices will rise in a financial market.

Buy and hold

Long-term investment strategy of holding assets regardless of market fluctuations.

Capital growth

Increase in the value of an asset or investment over time.

Cash dispenser

A machine that provides cash when a card and PIN are used (ATM). Clearing bank

Collateral

An asset pledged as security for a loan. Commercial bank

Coupon

The interest rate paid on a bond.

Current account

A bank account used for day-to-day transactions.

Default

Failure to meet legal obligations of a loan.

Defensive stocks

Stocks that provide consistent dividends and earnings regardless of market conditions.

Derivative

A financial instrument whose value depends on an underlying asset.

Direct debit

An instruction to a bank to pay a fixed or variable amount regularly.

Dividend

A portion of a company's profits distributed to shareholders.

Dividend yield

Dividend per share divided by share price.

Due diligence

A comprehensive appraisal of a business before a transaction.

Ease of substitution

How easily one product can be replaced with another.

Endowment

A financial gift or fund, often used by institutions.

Equity

Ownership interest in a company in the form of shares.

Fixed rate

An interest rate that does not change over the life of the loan or bond.

Floatation

The process of offering shares of a private company to the public.

Floating rate

An interest rate that changes with the market or index.

Fluctuate

To change continuously, especially up and down.

Treasury bill

Short-term government security with no interest, sold at a discount.

Forward

Agreement to buy/sell an asset at a future date at a set price.

Future

A standardized contract to buy/sell assets at a future date at a market-agreed price.

Go public

When a company offers its shares to the public for the first time.

Grant a loan

To approve and provide a loan.

Growth stocks

Shares in a company expected to grow at an above-average rate.

Gilts

UK government bonds.

Insolvency

Inability to pay debts.

Investment bank

A bank that helps companies raise capital and offers financial consultancy.

IPO

Initial Public Offering: a company’s first sale of stock to the public.

Issue stocks

To offer shares for sale.

Junk bond

A high-risk bond with high return potential.

Liquidity

The ease with which an asset can be converted into cash.

Market capitalization

Total value of a company’s outstanding shares.

Mark-up

The difference between the cost and the selling price.

Market penetration

The extent to which a product is recognized and bought.

Maturity

The date when an investment becomes payable.(missing from list)

Mutual fund

A company that pools money to invest in various assets.

Option

The right to buy/sell an asset at a set price before a certain date.

Ordinary shares

Common stock with voting rights and profit entitlement.

Overdraft

A facility allowing withdrawals exceeding the account balance.

Overdrawn

Having taken more money than is in the bank account.

Over-the-counter

Financial instruments traded outside formal exchanges.

P/E ratio

Price to earnings ratio, indicates how much investors are paying per unit of profit.

Pension fund

A pool of assets forming retirement income for employees.

Price elasticity

A measure of how demand changes with price.

Primary market

Market where securities are issued for the first time.

Principal

The original sum of money borrowed or invested.

Prospectus

A document advertising a company’s share offering.

Raise

To lift or increase; also used to describe collecting funds.

Reserve requirement

The minimum reserves a bank must hold.

Return on equity (ROE)

Net income divided by shareholder equity.

Rights issue

An offer to existing shareholders to buy more shares.

Rise

An increase in value or level.

Savings account

A bank account that earns interest.

Secondary market

Market where existing securities are traded.

Security

A financial asset, such as stocks or bonds.

Share

A unit of ownership in a company.

Spread

The difference between buying and selling prices.

Standing order

Regular fixed payments from a bank account.

Stock

A share in the ownership of a company.

Swap

An agreement to exchange financial instruments.

Treasury

The funds or revenue of a government or institution.

Treasury bond

Long-term US government bond.

Treasury note

Medium-term US government debt instrument.

Underwrite

To guarantee financial support for an issue or policy.

Value stocks

Undervalued stocks relative to their fundamentals.

Yield

The income return on an investment.

Zero coupon bonds

Bonds that pay no interest but are sold at a discount.

Hedging

A strategy used to reduce or offset the risk of adverse price movements in an asset.

Bailout

Financial support given to a company or country facing serious financial difficulty.

Bank run

A large number of customers withdraw their deposits because they believe the bank may fail.

Bank transfer

The movement of money from one bank account to another.

Barriers-to-entry

Obstacles that make it difficult for new competitors to enter a market.

Bearishness

Expectation that prices will fall in a financial market.

Blue chips

Well-established, financially sound companies with a history of reliable performance.

Bond

A debt security where the issuer owes the holders a debt and is obliged to pay interest and repay principal.

Bonus issue

Free additional shares given to existing shareholders.

Bullishness

Expectation that prices will rise in a financial market.

Buy and hold

Long-term investment strategy of holding assets regardless of market fluctuations.

Capital growth

Increase in the value of an asset or investment over time.

Cash dispenser

A machine that provides cash when a card and PIN are used (ATM). Clearing bank

Collateral

An asset pledged as security for a loan. Commercial bank

Coupon

The interest rate paid on a bond.

Current account

A bank account used for day-to-day transactions.

Default

Failure to meet legal obligations of a loan.

Defensive stocks

Stocks that provide consistent dividends and earnings regardless of market conditions.

Derivative

A financial instrument whose value depends on an underlying asset.

Direct debit

An instruction to a bank to pay a fixed or variable amount regularly.

Dividend

A portion of a company's profits distributed to shareholders.

Dividend yield

Dividend per share divided by share price.

Due diligence

A comprehensive appraisal of a business before a transaction.

Ease of substitution

How easily one product can be replaced with another.

Endowment

A financial gift or fund, often used by institutions.

Equity

Ownership interest in a company in the form of shares.

Fixed rate

An interest rate that does not change over the life of the loan or bond.

Floatation

The process of offering shares of a private company to the public.

Floating rate

An interest rate that changes with the market or index.

Fluctuate

To change continuously, especially up and down.

Treasury bill

Short-term government security with no interest, sold at a discount.

Forward

Agreement to buy/sell an asset at a future date at a set price.

Future

A standardized contract to buy/sell assets at a future date at a market-agreed price.

Go public

When a company offers its shares to the public for the first time.

Grant a loan

To approve and provide a loan.

Growth stocks

Shares in a company expected to grow at an above-average rate.

Gilts

UK government bonds.

Insolvency

Inability to pay debts.

Investment bank

A bank that helps companies raise capital and offers financial consultancy.

IPO

Initial Public Offering: a company’s first sale of stock to the public.

Issue stocks

To offer shares for sale.

Junk bond

A high-risk bond with high return potential.

Liquidity

The ease with which an asset can be converted into cash.

Market capitalization

Total value of a company’s outstanding shares.

Mark-up

The difference between the cost and the selling price.

Market penetration

The extent to which a product is recognized and bought.

Maturity

The date when an investment becomes payable.(missing from list)

Mutual fund

A company that pools money to invest in various assets.

Option

The right to buy/sell an asset at a set price before a certain date.

Ordinary shares

Common stock with voting rights and profit entitlement.

Overdraft

A facility allowing withdrawals exceeding the account balance.

Overdrawn

Having taken more money than is in the bank account.

Over-the-counter

Financial instruments traded outside formal exchanges.

P/E ratio

Price to earnings ratio, indicates how much investors are paying per unit of profit.

Pension fund

A pool of assets forming retirement income for employees.

Price elasticity

A measure of how demand changes with price.

Primary market

Market where securities are issued for the first time.

Principal

The original sum of money borrowed or invested.

Prospectus

A document advertising a company’s share offering.

Raise

To lift or increase; also used to describe collecting funds.

Reserve requirement

The minimum reserves a bank must hold.

Return on equity (ROE)

Net income divided by shareholder equity.

Rights issue

An offer to existing shareholders to buy more shares.

Rise

An increase in value or level.

Savings account

A bank account that earns interest.

Secondary market

Market where existing securities are traded.

Security

A financial asset, such as stocks or bonds.

Share

A unit of ownership in a company.

Spread

The difference between buying and selling prices.

Standing order

Regular fixed payments from a bank account.

Stock

A share in the ownership of a company.

Swap

An agreement to exchange financial instruments.

Treasury

The funds or revenue of a government or institution.

Treasury bond

Long-term US government bond.

Treasury note

Medium-term US government debt instrument.

Underwrite

To guarantee financial support for an issue or policy.

Value stocks

Undervalued stocks relative to their fundamentals.

Yield

The income return on an investment.

Zero coupon bonds

Bonds that pay no interest but are sold at a discount.

Hedging

A strategy used to reduce or offset the risk of adverse price movements in an asset.