Linux commands

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Domanda Risposta
man
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command for help
> man grep
ls
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List directory contents
-l long listing (ls -l),-al (ls -al) Listing With Hidden Files
grep
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Find text in a file
grep PATTERN [FILE], grep failed auth. log
cd
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Change current directory
Forward slashes instead of backward, cd /var/log
shutdown
sudo shutdown -r 2
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Safely turn off the computer in software
sudo shutdown 2 (turn off in 2min), -r restart, -c cancel or ctrl+c
pwd
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Displays the current working directory path
Useful when changing directories often
passwd
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Change a user account password
sudo passwd [username]
mv
mv SOURCE DEST
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Move a file
mv first. txt second. txt
cp
cp first. txt second. txt
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Copy a file
cp SOURCE DEST
rm
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Remove files or directories
Does not remove directories by default, -r (removes directory)
mkdir
mkdir DIRECTORY
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Make a directory
mkdir notes
chmod
r=read, w=write, x=execute
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Change mode of a file system object
chmod mode FILE, chmod 744 script. sh
chown
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Change file owner and group
sudo chown [OWNER: GROUP] file, sudo chown professor script. sh
iwconfig
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View or change wireless network configuration
ifconfig
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View or configure a network interface and IP
Slowly being replaced by ip (ip address)
ps
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View the current processes
ps -e | more (View all processes)
su / sudo
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Some command require elevated rights
There are some things normal users can’t do
su
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Become super user
You continue to be that user until you exit
sudo
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Execute a command as the super user
Only that command executes as the super user
apt-get
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Advanced Packaging Tool (Install, update, remove)
sudo apt-get install wireshark
vi
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Visual mode editor
Full screen editing with copy, paste, and more
dd
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Backup and restore an entire partition
dd if=<source file name> of=<target file name> [Options]
Creating a disk image
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dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/sda-image. img
Restoring from an image
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dd if=/tmp/sda-image. img of=/dev/sda
killall / kill <pid>
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Closing programs
sudo killall firefox
xkill
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Graphical kill
kill an app with one click
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