Lesson 3

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Domanda Risposta
obalić
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refute
to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false
These claims were refuted by the Ministry of Transport.
czołgać się
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to crawl
to move along on hands and knees or with your body stretched out along a surface
The child crawled across the floor.
jedyny
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sole
being one only; single
My sole objective is to make the information more widely available.
plamki
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specks
He'd been painting the door and there were specks of paint all over the floor.
francuska kuchnia
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French cuisine
środki owadobójcze
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insecticides
zamieszanie
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fuss
a show of anger, worry, or excitement that is unnecessary or greater than the situation deserves
She made such a fuss when Richard spilled a drop of wine on her blouse!
piętnować
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stigmatize
to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of him, her, or it
People should not be stigmatized on the basis of race.
szacunek
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esteem
respect for or a good opinion of someone
Even the esteemed brands and products can face failure and setbacks.
wzmacniać
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amplify
to increase the size or effect of something
A funeral can amplify the feelings of regret and loss for the relatives
przełomowe badania
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groundbreaking research
wrodzone
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congenital
Some heart defects are congenitally and can be detected soon after birth.
uzębienie
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dentition
Sharks are known to have several rows of dentition to replace lost teeth.
próchnica
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cavities
Consuming too many sugary foods and drinks can lead to cavities in teeth if proper oral hygiene isn't maintained.
wylesienie
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deforestation
cuchnący
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stinking
having a very unpleasant smell
Due to heavy deforestation in Southeast Asia, the giant flower, which is also called stinking corpse lily, is quickly disappearing.
zwłoki
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corpse
a dead body, usually of a person
Due to heavy deforestation in Southeast Asia, the giant flower, which is also called stinking corpse lily, is quickly disappearing.
rdzenny
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indigenous
used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place, rather than people who moved there from somewhere else
However, it’s been used for many years by indigenous groups in Indonesia,
mucha
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fly
narazić, zagrażać
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to endanger
to put someone or something at risk or in danger of being harmed, damaged, or destroyed
He would never do anything to endanger the lives of his children.
oporny, krnąbrny
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recalcitrant
(of a person) unwilling to obey orders or to do what should be done, or (of an animal) refusing to be controlled
The recalcitrant plant species are difficult to grow under controlled conditions.
pogarda
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disdain
the feeling of not liking someone or something and thinking that they do not deserve your interest or respect
He regards the political process with disdain.
gardzić kimś
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despise someone
to feel a strong dislike for someone or something because you think that that person or thing is bad or has no value:
He despised himself for being such a coward.
ślina
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saliva
pluć
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spit - spat - spat
smuga
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streak
przypadkowo
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chance upon sth
Ten years after leaving school, we chanced on/upon (= unexpectedly met) each other in Regent Street.
ożywiać
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revive
to come or bring something back to life, health, existence, or use
A hot shower and a cup of tea will revive you.
gwiazdorstwo
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stardom
the quality of being famous, especially for being a singer, actor, etc
From childhood, Britney Spears seemed destined for stardom.
recepta
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prescription
odwyk
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rehab
rezydencja
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a mansion
ukochany
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beloved
jadalne
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edible
szkodliwy
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detrimental
causing harm or damage
Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company.
pasza
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forage
żywica
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resin
niedostatek
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scarcity
a situation in which something is not easy to find or get
the scarcity of skilled workers
horrendalny, wygórowany, przesadny
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prohibitive
If the cost of something is prohibitive, it is too expensive for most people
Hotel prices in the major cities are high but not prohibitive
starsi
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starsi in inglese
elderly
luka w prawie podatkowym
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tax loophole
The company employed lawyers to find loopholes in environmental protection laws.
prowizoryczny
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makeshift
temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need
Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps.
susza
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a drought
niezdecydowanie, wahanie
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hesitation
uszczuplić
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diminish
lękliwy
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apprehensive
feeling worried about something that you are going to do or that is going to happen
I'm very apprehensive about tomorrow's meeting.
nieodwołalny
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irrevocable
kiełkować
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sprout
to produce leaves, hair, or other new developing parts, or (of leaves, hair, and other developing parts) to begin to grow
zużyć się
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wear out
chwalić
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praise
to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing
He should be praised for his honesty.
hodować
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breed - bred - bred
opary
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fumes
strong, unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous gas or smoke
Petrol fumes always make me feel ill.
konserwowanie
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preserving
the activity of treating food and storing it in closed containers that air cannot enter so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad
Before fridges, preserving was the only way to store fruit.
konserwować
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to preserve
nieuchwytny
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elusive
difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember:
Success, however, remained elusive for her.
ujawnić
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to disclose
to make something known publicly, or to show something that was hidden
The company has disclosed profits of over £200 million.
wzrost / zwiększenie
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surge
a sudden and great increase
There has been a surge in house prices recently.
utorować drogę
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pave the way
If something paves the way for/to something else, it makes the other thing possible
Scientists hope that data from the probe will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of Mars.
na równi z
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on a par with
the same as or equal to someone or something
The country has over 500 resorts, placing it on a par with France.
dopełnienie
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complement
to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it
Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly.
wyparować
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evaporate
to cause a liquid to change to a gas, especially by heating
Plants keep cool during the summer by evaporating water from their leaves.
kopalnia
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mine
zamieniać
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swap
to change or replace one thing with another
Thanks to new technologies some old tools can be swap out for new, more efficient ones.
rzeźnik
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a butcher
a person who sells meat in a shop
środki do życia
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livelihood
(the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.
Many ship workers could lose their livelihoods because of falling orders for new ships.
gorzki
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bitter
with an unpleasantly sharp taste
kwitnąć (rośliny)
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to blossom
When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit that can be eaten.
The cherry tree is beginning to blossom.
niezgłębiony
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unfathomable
impossible to understand
For some unfathomable reason they built the toilet next to the kitchen.
świątynia
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temple
blady
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pale
trzeźwy
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sober
not drunk or affected by alcohol
Are you sober enough to drive, Jim?
obładowany
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laden
carrying or holding a lot of something:
He always comes back from France laden with presents for everyone.
skromny, pokorny
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humble
1. not proud or not believing that you are important. 2. ordinary; not special or very important:
He's very humble about his success. At that time she was just a humble mechanic.
prosperować
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thrive - throve/thrived - thriven/thrived
wybredny, grymaśny
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picky
posiekać
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chop
to cut something into pieces with an axe, knife, or other sharp instrument:
He was chopping wood in the yard.
wyluzowany, opanowany
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laid back
relaxed in manner and character; not usually worried about other people's behaviour or things that need to be done
I've never seen her worried or anxious in any way - she's so laid-back
zachęta, wsparcie
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encouragement, support
words or behaviour that give someone confidence to do something
Children need lots of encouragement from their parents.
nagły spadek
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slump
(of prices, values, or sales) to fall suddenly
The value of property has slumped. Car sales have slumped dramatically over the past year.
wyznaczyć
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designate
to choose someone officially to do a particular job
Thompson has been designated (as/to be) team captain.
zamieszki, rozruchy
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riots
an occasion when a large number of people behave in a noisy, violent, and uncontrolled way in public, often as a protest
Food protests and riots have erupted in more than 30 countries.
wznieść się
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soar
to rise very quickly to a high level
1. All night long fireworks soared into the sky. 2. Temperatures will soar over the weekend, say the weather forecasters. 3. House prices soared a further 20 percent.
gnić
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rot
żniwa
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harvest
the time of year when crops are cut and collected from the fields, or the activity of cutting and collecting them, or the crops that are cut and collected
We had a good harvest this year.
dziedziczny
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hereditary
(of characteristics or diseases) passing from a parent to a child through the genes
Depression is often hereditary.
efektowny, uderzający
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striking
very unusual or easily noticed, and therefore attracting a lot of attention:
There are striking similarities between the two cases.
cecha
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trait
a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour
His sense of humour is one of his better traits.
foka
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seal
pióra
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feathers
zachłanny
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greedy
wytrzymałość
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endurance
the ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time
Running a marathon is a test of human endurance.
dron podwodny
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submersible
a type of ship that can travel underwater, especially one that operates without people being in it
skarbiec (np. w banku)
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vault (e.g. in a bank)
a room, especially in a bank, with thick walls and a strong door, used to store money or valuable things in safe conditions
She entered the vault with an armed guard.
zaparzać
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to brew
czajnik
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a kettle
podrzucić coś
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to drop something
odstraszać
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deter
nękać
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harass
to continue to annoy or upset someone over a period of time
Stop harassing me!
skromność
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modesty
the quality of not talking about or not trying to make people notice your abilities and achievements
She does a lot of work for charities, but her modesty forbids her from talking about it
bogactwo, majątek
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wealth
a large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has
During a successful business career, she accumulated a great amount of wealth
zszywka
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staple
odkopany
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unearthed
to discover something in the ground
Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month
mozolny
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arduous
difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy
an arduous climb/task/journey
niekonsekwentny
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erratic
1. moving or behaving in a way that is not regular, certain, or expected 2. changing suddenly and unexpectedly
She can be very erratic; one day she is friendly and the next she'll hardly speak to you. An erratic schedule
leśnictwo
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forestry
magistrat, gmina
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municipality
a city or town with its own local government, or the local government itself
The municipality provides services such as water and rubbish collection.
łoś amerykański
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moose
wilgoć, wilgotność
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moisture, humidity
zaparowany
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steamy
spadający (np. cena)
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falling (e.g. price)
wychowywać dziecko
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raise a child
wydalić kogoś
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to expel somebody (from school)
to force someone to leave a school, organization, or country
The new government has expelled all foreign diplomats.
nierozważny, nierozsądny
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reckless, unreasonable
podatny na coś
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prone to sth
likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness
I've always been prone to headaches.
zapadać
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collapse
to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support:
Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.
skandaliczny, oburzający
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outrageous
shocking and morally unacceptable:
These prices are just outrageous (= much too high).
wiarygodny świadek
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credible witness
okazja
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bargain
something on sale at a lower price than its true value
The airline regularly offers last-minute bookings at bargain prices.
spopielać
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incinerate
The spacecraft and its crew were incinerated by the billion-degree temperatures generated by the fireball.
to burn something completely
składowiska odpadów
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landfills
kara cielesna
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corporal punishment
powierzyć
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to entrust
To give someone a thing or a duty for which they are responsible
He didn't look like the sort of man you should entrust your luggage to.
skandal
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outrage
a feeling of anger and shock
These murders have provoked outrage across the country.
napaść
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assault
a violent attack
He was charged with sexual assault.
ogrodzenie, płot
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fence
nudności, mdłości
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nauseous
feeling as if you might vomit
Roller coasters make me feel nauseous.
przechodzień
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passer-by
zszyć
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stitch
to repair clothes or close a wound
I guess it will be faster to just stitch your socks now instead of going to town to buy new ones.
naprawić
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mend
to repair something that is broken or damaged
Could you mend this hole in my shirt?
olbrzmi
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tremendous
very great in amount or level, or extremely good
They were making a tremendous amount of noise last night
smucić się z powodu
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grieving
feeling very sad
She expressed her feelings of grieving after cancelling the performances.
alejki sklepowe
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shopping aisles
wózek sklepowy
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a trolley
piętro
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floor
a level of a building
1. a three-storey house 2. Their new house has four storeys including the attic.
renomowany
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renowned
obfity
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abundant
lęk, obawa
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anxiety, fear
an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future
Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.
uzależniony od czegoś
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hooked on
to be amused by something very much, so that it is hard for a person to stop doing it
Look at Jane. She is hooked on this new series. She can’t stop watching it.
ogromny
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immense
extremely large in size or degree
They spent an immense amount of time getting the engine into perfect condition.
skórka chleba
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bread crust
skorupa ziemska
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the earth's crust
rykoszet
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rebound
to bounce back after hitting a hard surface
rzeźbić / wycinać nożem
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carve / cut with a knife
to make something by cutting into a hard material, especially wood or stone, or to cut into a hard material in order to make something:
Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural, some were carved out (= cut into the rock) by soldiers for defensive purposes.
zryw, tryskać
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spurt
to (cause to) flow out suddenly and with force, in a fast stream
Blood was spurting out all over the place
rozpuszczać się
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melting
mieć dziecko, urodzić dziecko
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bear a child
be pregnant and give birth
She found out that her medical condition made it impossible for her to ever bear a child
pozew sądowy
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a lawsuit
napięte relacje
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strained relationships
If a relationship is strained, problems are spoiling it
Relations between the two countries have become strained (= difficult) recently.
nawadnianie
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irrigation

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