Language

linguistic sign

any unit of language used to define an objects/phenomena.

signifier

form of a linguistic sign

signified

concept that the linguistic sign refers to

linguistic sign is:

1. arbitrary(no direct relation between the form of a sign and the object). 2. conventional(language based on agreement amongst people)

linguistic knowledge of:

1. sounds, 2. sequences(words), 3. how to put words in sequences, 4. approprietness of sentances (what to say and when), 5. sentances and non sentences

linguistic competence

it's measured for example by our grammar knowledge

grammar is:

sounds and sound patterns, words, and rules to combined all of these to form sentences with the wanted meaning. grammar is what we know. it represents our linguistic competence.

descriptive grammar

deals with language as it is used by it's speakers

prescriptive grammar

rules how to use the language

language is:

1. a system (consists of elements which are sorted), 2. a system of arbitrary and conventional signs used in human communication

subsystems of language

1. phonology(sounds), 2. morphology(Word formation), 3. lexicon(vocab), 4. syntax(Word order) 5. semantics(meaning)