Investments and CapEx

Opex - expand

Operating Expenditure

What is included in the Opex

Project costs, Normal Costs, Expense that go into day-to-day running of the business

Capex - expand

Capital Expenditure

Capex - explain

Costs that go into building an asset

Capex - definition

costs booked that are deferrable as part of an investment

Opex - definition

costs booked that are non-deferrable and sit in the P&L

Is Capex included in EBITDA?

No

Difference between Above the line and Below the line

Above the line - everything that you are measured on. For General Manager, above the line means everything including EBITDA

What is Below the line for General Manager?

Interest, Tax, Depreciation, Amortisation

What do you do with costs to create a capital asset

They are moved off the P&L onto the balance sheet to create a capital asset

Where amortisation shows up in the P&L

Below EBITDA

When software become an asset?

When it can be sold to a client. Or, when it can be used internally to improve efficiency of an internal process.

What capitalised costs are?

are used to create an asset - this is typically a software asset for sale to clients or improving internal process and efficiency

Example of tangible asset

Infrastructure in the building. Cables, server, routers etc.

What does that mean, that costs are deferrable?

I think it is amortisation in the future?

Can all costs related to building an asset be deferrable?

Not everything can, but what exactly can is beyond the scope of this training.

Investment Process

A business case needs to be approved. The asset needs to be technically viable. Only certain activities and costs can be capitalised.

difference between depreciation and amortisation

depreciation - for tangible assets, amortisation - for intangible assets e.g. software

What happens with assessments when you are building the project?

People who work on building software will contribute to assesment credit, but this cost will not show up in assessment debit. It will rather show up later below the line as an amortisation

When the software that we are building be amortised?

Once an asset starts commercial launch or is useable, costs are amortised back into the P&L. But, it will be below EBITDA