ILSPT (02) - Basic English Vocabulary for Law

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Domanda English Risposta English
damages
inizia ad imparare
Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done (odszkodowanie)
to commit
inizia ad imparare
To send someone to prison or to a court (skierować)
judicial
inizia ad imparare
An adjective referring to a judge or the law (sądow(nicz)y)
innocent
inizia ad imparare
Not guilty of a crime (niewinny)
offence
inizia ad imparare
Any act which is not legal (wykroczenie)
lawyer
inizia ad imparare
A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business (prawnik)
dispute
inizia ad imparare
A disagreement or argument between parties (spór)
tribunal
inizia ad imparare
A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems (trybunał)
case
inizia ad imparare
A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding (obrona)
judge
inizia ad imparare
An official who presides over a court (sędzia)
to plead
inizia ad imparare
To make an allegation in legal proceedings (odpowiadać na zarzuty oskarżenia)
defendant
inizia ad imparare
Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case (oskarżony, pozwany)
claimant
inizia ad imparare
A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court (powód)
settlement
inizia ad imparare
An agreement reached after an argument (porozumienie/ugoda sądowe/a)
to arrest
inizia ad imparare
To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime (aresztować)
hearing
inizia ad imparare
A case which is being heard by committee, tribunal or court of law (sprawa sądowa)
to convict
inizia ad imparare
To find that someone is guilty of a crime (uznać za winnego)
breach
inizia ad imparare
Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement (naruszenie)
to prosecute
inizia ad imparare
To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge (wnosić oskarżenie)
to appeal
inizia ad imparare
To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence (złożyć apelację)
to charge
inizia ad imparare
To say that someone has committed a crime (oskarżyć, postawić zarzut)
binding
inizia ad imparare
Having the legal ability to force someone to do something (wiążący)
civil
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An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organizations (cywilny)
defence
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The arguments used when fighting a case
contract
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A legal agreement between two or more parties (umowa prawna)
criminal
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An adjective referring to crime (kryminalny, karny)
jury
inizia ad imparare
A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trail (ława przysięgłych)
evidence
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A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial (materiał dowodowy)
to fine
inizia ad imparare
To order someone to pay money as a punishment (nałożyć karę grzywny)
injunction
inizia ad imparare
A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something (nakaz/zakaz sądowy)
accountable
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responsible for what had happened (odpowiedzialny)
impartial
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not biased or prejudiced (bezstronny)
pecuniary
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financial (pieniężny)
valid
inizia ad imparare
being acceptable because it is true or relevant (prawomocny)
unprecedented
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not having happened before (bezprecedensowy)
void
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not having any legal effect (nieważny)
admissible
inizia ad imparare
referring to evidence which a court will allow to be used (dopuszczalny)
unanimous
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where everyone votes in the same way (jednomyślny)
eligible
inizia ad imparare
able or allowed to do something (uprawniony)
irreconcilable
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very strong, so that it is not possible for two sides to reach an agreement (nie do pogodzenia)
gross (adj.)
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serious (rażący)
deductible
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able to be removed (możliwy do usunięcia)
insolvent
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not able to pay debts (niewypłacalny)
fiduciary
inizia ad imparare
acting as trustee for someone else, or being in a position of trust (powierniczy)
occupational
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referring to jobs and work (zawodowy)
exempt
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not required to pay, or not covered by law (zwolniony)
verbatim
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in the exact words (dosłowny)
unconditional
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with no conditions attached (bezwarunkowy)
feasible
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possible or practical (wykonalny)
redundant
inizia ad imparare
no longer needed or valid (zbędny)
solvent
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having enough money to pay debts (wypłacalny)
nominal
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a very small amount (symboliczny)
corporate
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referring to a company (firmowy)
open-ended
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with no fixed period, or with some items not specified (na czas nieokreślony)
litigious
inizia ad imparare
very willing to bring a lawsuit against someone to settle a disagreement (sporny)
nominee
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a person who is appointed to deal with financial or other matters on behalf of another person (nominat)
franchise
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a license to trade using a brand name and paying royalty for it
ombudsman
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someone who deals with complaints that people make against the government or public organizations (rzecznik praw obywatelskich)
guarantor
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somebody who gives a guarantee (poręczyciel, gwarant)
perjury
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the crime of telling a lie in a court of law (krzywoprzysięstwo)
tortfeasor
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somebody who has committed a civil wrong to somebody, entitling the victim to claim damages (sprawca czynu niedozwolonego)
compensation
inizia ad imparare
a payment made by a person or company to cover cost of damage or hardship which they have caused (rekompensata)
mediation
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an attempt by a third party to make the two sides in an argument agree (pośrednictwo)
debenture
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a document in which a company acknowledges it owes a debt and gives the company's assets as security (obligacja, skrypt dłużny)
liability
inizia ad imparare
the legal responsibility for paying someone for loss or damage incurred (odpowiedzialność prawna - obowiązek zapłaty, pasywa)
negligence
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a failure to give proper care to something, especially a duty or responsibility, with the result that a person or property is harmed (zaniedbanie)
goodwill
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the good reputation and trade with customers that a business firm has (dobre imię)
to indemnify
inizia ad imparare
to pay for loss or damage suffered (wynagrodzić)
to undetake
inizia ad imparare
to promise to do something (zobowiązać się)
to adjudicate
inizia ad imparare
to give a judgement between two parties (rozstrzygnąć)
to liquidate
inizia ad imparare
to sell assets or stock to raise cash (spieniężyć)
to entitle
inizia ad imparare
to have or give someone the right to do something (uprawnić)
to mediate
inizia ad imparare
to try to make to sides in an argument come to an agreement (pośredniczyć)
to draft
inizia ad imparare
to make a first rough plan of a document such as contract (sporządzany)
to defraud
inizia ad imparare
to trick someone so as to obtain money or goods illegally (oszukiwać)
to disclose
inizia ad imparare
to tell details (ujawnić)
to ban
inizia ad imparare
to forbid something, or make it illegal (zakazać)
to invalidate
inizia ad imparare
to make something no longer valid (unieważnić)
to waive
inizia ad imparare
to say that something is not necessary (zrzec się)
to grant
inizia ad imparare
to agree to give someone something, or to allow someone to do something (przyznać)
to ratify
inizia ad imparare
to approve officialy something that has already been decided (potwierdzać)
to blacklist
inizia ad imparare
to put goods, people or a company on a list of those that you will not deal with (wykluczyć)
to default
inizia ad imparare
to fail to carry out the terms of a contract, especially to fail to pay back a debt (nie wywiązać się)
to foreclose
inizia ad imparare
to take possession of a property because the owner cannot repay money they have borrowed using the property as security (zablokować dostęp)
to dispute
inizia ad imparare
to argue against something; to say that something is not correct (kwestionować)
to subcontract
inizia ad imparare
to agree with a company that they will do all or part of the work for a project (zlecić podwykonanie)
to infringe
inizia ad imparare
to make a product in the same way as another product which has been patented, and not pay royalties (naruszyć)
to certify
inizia ad imparare
to make an official declaration in writing (poświadczyć, uwierzytelnić)
to exempt
inizia ad imparare
to free someone from having to pay tax (zwolnić)
to wound up
inizia ad imparare
to put a company into liquidation (zlikwidować)
to allege
inizia ad imparare
to state, usually in giving evidence, that something has happened or is true (twierdzić)
to abide by
inizia ad imparare
to accept a rule or follow a custom (przestrzegać)
to vest
inizia ad imparare
to transfer to someone the legal ownership and possession of land or a right (przekazać, powierzyć)
to claim
inizia ad imparare
to ask for money (żądać)
to seek
inizia ad imparare
to ask for or try to do something (domagać się)

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