gramma_01

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po czym stosujemy present simple
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when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, till
I going to read a lot while I'm on holiday. I'll probably go home on Sunday. Before I go, I'd like to visit the museum. Wait here untill I come back
there - it
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there - it
there - when we talk about sth for first time phrases: there will be/ there must be/ there might be/ there used to be phrases: there is sure/certain/likely/bound it - specific thing places, fact situation it - to talk about distance, time
there - when we talk about sth for first time. Phrases: there will be/ there must be/ there might be/ there used to be. Phrases: there is sure/certain/likely/bound. * it - specific things, places, fact situation. ** it - to talk about distance, time
think so, hope so...
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think so, hope so... in inglese
~ think so, ~ hope so...
I think so - I don't think so. # I expect so - I don't expect so. # I hope so - I hope not. # I'm afraid so - I'm afraid not. # I guess so - I guess not. # I suppose so - I don't suppose so / I suppose not.
prefer
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prefer - in general
I prefer sth to sth else. I prefer doing sth to doing sth else. I prefer to do sth rather than (do) sth else.
I prefer this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday. I prefer driving to traveling by train. I prefer to drive rather than travel by tran. Sarah prefers to live in the country rather than (live) in a city.
would prefer
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would prefer - in specific situation
Would prefer TO do sth rather than do sth else
I would prefer TO stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.
would rather do
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would rather do - in specific situation
I would rather do sth. I would rather do sth than do sth else.
Shall we go by train. I would rather drive. I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
I would rather + sb + past tense
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I would rather + sb + past tense
meaning is present (not past); ~wolał bym żeby - moje tłumaczenie
I would rather you came with us. I'd rather they didn't know.
so that
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to say why sb does sth = purpose of an action
when the purpose is negative (won't, wouldn't); with can, could, will/would be able to
........ so that + object +....... I hurried so that I wouldn't be late. Leave early so that you won't miss the bus. She's learning English so that she can study in Canada.
to and for
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purpose of an action
for + noun ---- to + verb
I'm going to Spain for holiday. I'm going to Spain to learn Spanish. What would you like for dinner? What would you like to eat?
"miło/głupio/przyjemnie... z twojej strony"
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"nice / stupid / pleasant ... of you"
other adjective that we can use in this way: kind, clever, seansible, mean, silly, stupid, careless, unfair, considerate...
It was nice of you to take me to the airport. It's silly of Marry to give up her job when she need the money. I think it was very unfair of him to criticise me. It's very considerate of you to come.
interested in (do)ing / interested to do
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interested in (do) ing / interested to do
# jestem czymś zainterestowany - I'm intereresting in doing sth = I'm thinking of doing it, I would like to do it #ciekawi mnie, jestem zaciekawiony - interested to - to say how somebody reacts to what they hear/see/read/learn
Let me know if you're interested in joining the club. I tried to sell my car, but nobody was interested in buying it. I was interested to hear that Tanya has left her job. Ask Mike for his opinion. It would be interested to know what he thinks.
afraid to do / afraid of (do)ing
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afraid to do / afraid of (do) ing
# I'm afraid to do sth = I don't want to do it because it is dangerous or the result could be bad. ##I'm afraid of sth happening = It is possible that something bad will happen (for example an accident)
# People are afraid to walk here at night. James was afraid to tell his parents what had happened. ## We were afraid of falling. I was afraid to go near the dog because I was afraid of being bitten.
see sb do
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I saw sb do sth = sb did sth + I saw this
other verbs: hear, feal notice, listen, smell, find...
I saw Tom get into his car and drive away. Did you see the accident happen? # passive form with TO. He was seen to get in the car.!!! sometimes both option are ok!!! I've never seen her dance. (or) I've never seen her dancing.
see sb doing
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I saw sb doing sth = sb was doing sth + I saw this
other verbs: hear, feal notice, listen, smell, find...
I saw Kate waiting for a bus. I saw him walking along the street.!!! sometimes both option are ok!!! I've never seen her dance. (or) I've never seen her dancing.
some with plural countable nouns
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some with plural countable nouns
# some = a number of / a few of / a pair of ## some = some but not all!!! do not use some when you are talking about things in general
# I have seen some good movies recently. Some friends of mine are comming to stay at the weekend. ## Some children learn very quickly. Tomorrow there will be rain in some places, but most of the country will be dry.!!! I love bananas.
uncountable (list)
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usually uncountable
accomodation, advice, baggage, behaviour, bread, chaos, damage, furniture, information, luck, luggage, news, permission, progress, scenery, traffic, weather, work
travel (countable or uncoutable?)
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travel is uncountable
travel - means "traveling in general". W DO NOT say "a travel" to mean a trip, a journey.
They spend a lot of money on travel. We had a very good trip/journey.
news (countable or uncoutable?)
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news is uncountable, not plural
The news was very depressing. (not news were)

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