|
Domanda |
Risposta |
What is a constitution, and what is its main purpose? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A constitution is the highest legal act of a state, defining its system, authorities, and citizens’ rights.
|
|
|
What is international law, and how does it affect countries? inizia ad imparare
|
|
International law regulates relations between states and international organizations.
|
|
|
How do human rights relate to both constitutions and international law? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Human rights are protected both constitutionally and under international law.
|
|
|
What is the difference between national law and international law? inizia ad imparare
|
|
National law applies within a state international law applies between states.
|
|
|
How do different countries protect human rights in their constitutions? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Through constitutions, courts, ombudsman institutions, and treaties.
|
|
|
What is the role of international human rights treaties? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Treaties establish standards for human rights protection.
|
|
|
How can constitutional law and international law work together to protect human rights? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Constitutional law implements international norms into domestic law.
|
|
|
|
inizia ad imparare
|
|
The rule of law means equality before the law.
|
|
|
Why is the rule of law important in a country? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It ensures order, justice, and protection of rights.
|
|
|
Who must follow the rule of law? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Everyone: citizens and public authorities.
|
|
|
How does the rule of law protect individual rights? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It limits arbitrary power and protects individuals.
|
|
|
What happens when the rule of law is not followed? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It leads to chaos and violations of rights.
|
|
|
What is a civil law system? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A system based on codes and statutes.
|
|
|
What is a case law (common law) system? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A system based on judicial precedents.
|
|
|
How do civil law and case law systems differ from each other? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Civil law relies on codes
|
|
|
common law relies on case law inizia ad imparare
|
|
common law relies on case law
|
|
|
What are the main legal sources in a civil law system? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Statutes, codes, and the constitution.
|
|
|
What are the main legal sources in a case law system? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
How are court decisions used in civil law and case law systems? inizia ad imparare
|
|
As interpretation and a source of law.
|
|
|
Why is it important to know the legal system of a country before studying its laws? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It helps understand how law is applied.
|
|
|
What is meant by Intellectual Property, and why is it important? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Intellectual property protects creativity and innovation.
|
|
|
What are the four pillars of Intellectual Property? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial designs.
|
|
|
What is a patent, and what types of inventions can be patented? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A patent protects new, useful, and innovative inventions.
|
|
|
How do trademarks help protect brands and businesses? inizia ad imparare
|
|
They protect brands and reputation.
|
|
|
What is copyright, and what kinds of works are protected under it? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It protects literary, artistic, and scientific works.
|
|
|
How do patents, trademarks, and copyrights differ from each other? inizia ad imparare
|
|
They differ in subject matter and duration of protection.
|
|
|
Who can be appointed as an arbitrator in International Commercial Arbitration (ICA) in practice? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Lawyers, experts, academics.
|
|
|
What qualifications or professional backgrounds are commonly required for an arbitrator in ICA? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Legal or relevant professional education.
|
|
|
What are the legal and ethical requirements that an arbitrator must fulfill? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Independence, impartiality, confidentiality.
|
|
|
Why are independence and impartiality essential requirements for an ICA arbitrator? inizia ad imparare
|
|
They guarantee a fair procedure.
|
|
|
What role does experience in arbitration or international trade play in selecting an arbitrator? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It ensures competence and understanding of the dispute.
|
|
|
What is the importance of an arbitrator's CV in the appointment process? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It shows qualifications and experience.
|
|
|
What key information and details should be included in an arbitrator's CV? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Experience, education, publications, conflicts of interest.
|
|
|
How did YouTube users violate Disney's copyright by uploading its content without permission? inizia ad imparare
|
|
By illegally uploading copyrighted content.
|
|
|
Why is the Disney vs. YouTube uploaders case important for copyright protection on YouTube? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It established platform responsibility.
|
|
|
What is meant by Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)? inizia ad imparare
|
|
ADR means alternative dispute resolution methods.
|
|
|
What are the main types of ADR methods? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Negotiation, mediation, arbitration.
|
|
|
What is negotiation, and how does it work as an ADR method? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Direct discussions between the parties.
|
|
|
What is mediation, and what role does the mediator play? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A mediator facilitates agreement.
|
|
|
How is conciliation different from mediation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A conciliator may propose solutions.
|
|
|
What is arbitration, and how does it resolve disputes? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Arbitration ends with a binding award.
|
|
|
What is the difference between arbitration and litigation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Arbitration is private and faster.
|
|
|
What is Lok Adalat, and what kinds of disputes can it settle? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Lok Adalat is an Indian alternative dispute resolution forum.
|
|
|
What are the advantages of using ADR methods instead of going to court? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Speed, confidentiality, lower costs.
|
|
|
In which situations is ADR most suitable for resolving disputes? inizia ad imparare
|
|
When parties seek settlement.
|
|
|
What is mediation, and how does it help parties reach a mutual agreement? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A mediator helps reach compromise.
|
|
|
Who can act as a mediator, and what qualities should a mediator have? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A neutral and competent person.
|
|
|
Is a mediated settlement legally binding? Explain. inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
What are the main advantages of mediation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Speed, confidentiality, flexibility.
|
|
|
In what types of disputes is mediation most effective? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Family, commercial, labor disputes.
|
|
|
What is arbitration, and how is an arbitrator appointed? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Arbitration is dispute resolution by an arbitrator.
|
|
|
How is an arbitral award enforced? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Under the New York Convention.
|
|
|
Is arbitration a binding process? Why or why not? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
What are the advantages of arbitration over litigation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Faster and more confidential.
|
|
|
In which disputes is arbitration commonly used? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Commercial and international disputes.
|
|
|
What is negotiation as a dispute resolution method? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Negotiation is discussion without intermediaries.
|
|
|
Do parties need a third party in negotiation? Explain. inizia ad imparare
|
|
No, parties negotiate themselves.
|
|
|
What skills are important for successful negotiation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Communication, compromise, analysis.
|
|
|
What are the advantages of negotiation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Flexibility and party control.
|
|
|
When is negotiation preferred over other dispute resolution methods? inizia ad imparare
|
|
When relationships matter.
|
|
|
What is litigation, and where is it conducted? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
Why is litigation considered a formal process? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Because it follows formal procedures.
|
|
|
What are the stages of litigation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Claim, hearing, judgment.
|
|
|
What are the disadvantages of litigation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
When is litigation the only suitable method for dispute resolution? inizia ad imparare
|
|
When a court decision is required.
|
|
|
What was the main issue in the case Philip Morris Asia Limited v. Australia? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Compensation for regulatory measures.
|
|
|
Why did Philip Morris challenge Australia's plain packaging law? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Alleged violation of investment protection.
|
|
|
What was the final outcome of the case for Philip Morris? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
|
inizia ad imparare
|
|
Proceedings before a court.
|
|
|
Where are litigation cases usually heard? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
What are the main stages of litigation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Claim, evidence, judgment.
|
|
|
Why is litigation considered a formal legal process? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It ensures equality of the parties.
|
|
|
What are the advantages and disadvantages of litigation? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
|
inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
What is meant by humanitarian corridors under the United Nations (UN) framework? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Humanitarian corridors are safe routes for aid and refugees.
|
|
|
How does the European Union (EU) define and apply the concept of humanitarian corridors? inizia ad imparare
|
|
The EU applies them through migration policy.
|
|
|
What are the main differences between UN and EU approaches to humanitarian corridors? inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
|
inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
Who are considered "vulnerable refugees", and why do they need special protection? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Children, women, the sick.
|
|
|
How do humanitarian corridors help vulnerable refugees reach safety legally? inizia ad imparare
|
|
They enable legal and safe entry.
|
|
|
How are humanitarian corridors implemented in Italy? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Through agreements and organizations.
|
|
|
What role do governments and NGOs play in Italy's humanitarian corridors? inizia ad imparare
|
|
The state provides the legal framework
|
|
|
|
inizia ad imparare
|
|
|
|
|
How have humanitarian corridors been applied in Poland, and what are the future perspectives? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Mainly for refugees from Ukraine.
|
|
|
What is a humanitarian visa, and how does it relate to humanitarian corridors? inizia ad imparare
|
|
A humanitarian visa allows legal entry for humanitarian reasons.
|
|
|
What is an arbitration agreement? inizia ad imparare
|
|
An agreement to resolve disputes by arbitration.
|
|
|
What is an arbitration clause? inizia ad imparare
|
|
An arbitration clause in a contract.
|
|
|
Why do parties include an arbitration clause in a contract? inizia ad imparare
|
|
For speed and confidentiality.
|
|
|
What are the essential elements of a valid arbitration agreement? inizia ad imparare
|
|
Party consent, form, and scope.
|
|
|
Can an arbitration agreement be oral, or must it be in writing? inizia ad imparare
|
|
It usually must be in writing.
|
|
|
