Describing environment 1

The...... of something, especially knowledge, are the limits to which it extends.

frontiers

If one person, group, or country does something under the ....... of another, they do it while they are being taught or guided by them.

tutelage

The ... of a person or group is their health, comfort, and happiness.

welfare

...... services are provided to help with people's living conditions and financial problems.

welfare

... is an important development or achievement.

breakthrough

... with something, for example a law, treaty, or agreement means doing what you are required or expected to do.

compliance

A ... of something is a solid piece of it.

lump

if you were naughty all year you will find a... on Christmas Eve from Santa Claus

lump of coal

If you refer to something or someone as a ..., you mean that they are intended to attract people's attention and deceive them, for example by leading them into a trap or away from a particular place.

decoy

A... is someone who has done something bad or illegal.

malefactor

a person who tries to advance socially or in business 🇺🇸

climber

If two people have a..., they have a brief sexual relationship.

fling

If two people who love each other are in a ..., they are holding each other tightly.

clinch

A... is a pattern or picture that you draw when you are bored or thinking about something else. 2. VERB When someone..., they draw......

doodle

death caused by being underwater and not being able to breathe, or a case when this happens:

drowning

... is the feeling of shock and anger which you have when you think that something is unjust or unfair.

indignation

If someone reacts with... to something, they are unable to believe it because it is very surprising or shocking

incredulity

someone's face

mug

a thin layer of liquid on the surface of something that makes it difficult to see

mist

a state of not being able to decide what to do about a situation in which you are involved:

quandary

If something is divided or distributed among a number of different people or things, each of them has, or is responsible for, a ... of it.

share/ slice

If someone or something gives you a ..., they give you an advantage over your competitors

cutting edge

The entirety of something

all of something

official permission to leave the armed forces, a prison, or a hospital

discharge

the act of sending out waste liquid or gas

discharge

The ... of something such as a book or argument is its quality of being well explained and easy to understand.

clarity

If you have an ... with someone, you have met them and you know them.

acquaintance

an incident, event, esp. one that happens unexpectedly:

occurence

If you get a lot of ... from someone, they criticize you severely. If you take the ..., you get the blame for something.

flak 🇺🇸

... is a feeling of great happiness and pleasure, because of a success.

jubilation

a large amount of money or valuable possessions

riches

a large quantity of a valuable natural substance

riches

The... of a particular activity or course of action are the dangers or problems it may involve.

peril

If someone asks you for a..., they want a match or cigarette lighter so they can start smoking.

light

The... of a picture or scene you are looking at is the part or area of it that appears nearest to you.

foreground

A ... is a sudden strong feeling or emotion, for example of sadness or pain.

pang

If someone is on the edge or brink of an ..., they are about to enter into a very frightening or threatening situation.

abyss

A very great difference between two people, things, or groups can be referred to as an...

abyss.

An... is a very deep hole in the ground

abyss

outward impressions, indications, or circumstances

appearances

If someone ... you, they annoy you by continually criticizing you for what you think are small or unimportant things. 🇬🇧

niggle

a marketing ploy, such as a free or cheap offer.

come-on

something transferred or resulting from a previous situation.

carry-over

The ... of an important event, invention, or situation is the fact of it starting or coming into existence.

advent

The ... of a person at a place is their arrival there.

advent

the expression of approval or admiration for someone or something.

praise

the degree to which something is prevalent or widespread, especially a disease, disorder, or pathogen:

prevalence

A ... of something is a small quantity of it which you add when you are preparing food or mixing a drink.

dash

... is a polite and respectful attitude towards someone, especially because they have an important position.

deference

A ... of something such as snow is a continuous layer of it which hides what is below or beyond it.

blanket

If you have a ...... in something, you have a very strong reason for acting in a particular way, for example to protect your money, power, or reputation.

vested interest

... calculations, agreements, plans, or arrangements are not definite or certain, but have been made as a first step.

tentative

the most direct route between two places

beeline

If people or things are in a ..., they are in a state of confusion or disorder.

muddle

If you say that someone has got their ..., you approve of the fact that they have been punished or have suffered for something wrong that they have done.

comeuppance

Project management term that's traditionally used to describe the quantifiable goods or services that must be provided upon the completion of a project

deliverables

... is the freedom that someone has to take the action they want to or to change their plans.

leeway

A feeling that one must do the same things as other people of one's age and social group in order to be liked or respected by them

peer pressure

Continuously and perpetually, without stopping

without cease

very superficial, slight, fleeting knowing of someone

bowing acquaintance

no longer exist

cease to exist

The ... of something bad, such as a disease, is the frequency with which it occurs, or the occasions when it occurs.

incidence

small worthless objects, especially household ornaments.

knick-knack

A ... is a low point in a process that has regular high and low points, for example a period in business when people do not produce as much as usual.

trough

You can refer to the beginning, cause, or source of something as its ... or......

origin/ origins

You can refer to a large number of things which someone has available for a particular purpose as their...

armory

You can say that a particular activity is your ... if you are very good at it.

forte/ strong suit

The ... of someone's voice is the way their voice gets higher and lower as they speak.

cadence

a person who is the only survivor of a deadly incident.

sole survivor

If you refer to moral or religious statements as ..., you are criticizing them because you think the person making them does not really believe what they are saying.

cant

The ... of someone or the ... of someone's life is something that frequently makes them feel unhappy or annoyed.

bane

correct procedure or routine

drill (Bryt)

If two people or groups have a ..., they have a good relationship in which they are able to understand each other's ideas or feelings very well.

rapport

... is dirt or some other unpleasant substance.

muck

The... of power, wealth, or a particular job are the extra things, such as decorations and luxury items, that go with it.

trappings

If you describe an unpleasant or confused situation as a ..., you mean that it seems impossible to escape from or resolve, because it has become so serious or so complicated.

morass

A ... is a sudden loud noise, for example the sound of a gun being fired or an explosion.

report

the state of being sportive, fit

sportiveness

If you refer to someone or something as the ... of a particular effect, you mean that they cause this effect.

agent

the activity of kissing and touching someone sexually but without having sex, foreplay

heavy petting

Someone's ... is all the circumstances, people, things, and events around them that influence their life.

environment

emotional or mental support:

sustenance

A ... of a situation, person, or incident is a brief description of it without many details.

sketch

If something is given to you for ..., it is given to you so that you will make sure that it is not harmed or stolen.

for safekeeping

The ... of something are its simplest, most important elements, ideas, or principles, in contrast to more complicated or detailed ones.

the basics

If you refer to the pleasant way that someone or something appears as a ..., you are critical of them because you believe that their true, hidden nature is not good.

veneer

Someone's ... is the way that they tend to behave or feel.

disposition

The... involved in a contest or a risky action are the things that can be gained or lost.

stakes

... involves allowing yourself to believe something about yourself that is not true, because the truth is more unpleasant.

self-deception

The ability that people have to think and to make sensible judgments can be referred to as...

reason

An ... is a gift that people offer to their God or gods as a form of worship.

offering

An ... is something that is specially produced to be sold

offering

reason; justification

grounds

someone's financial situation

circumstances

trained to defecate and urinate outdoors or in a special place indoors so that it can live in a house

housebroken 🇺🇸

Someone's ... of the profits or winnings from something, especially ones that have been obtained dishonestly, is their share.

cut

the quality of being rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone who is older or in a more important position:

impudence

willingness to give money, or money given to poor people by rich people:

largess

If you take a ... at a person or an organization, you criticize them, usually in an indirect way.

swipe

a check made without prior warning, a quick random examination

spot check

A ... is a small thin piece of something, especially one that has broken off a larger piece.

flake

... is used after stating a particular time to show that something happens at exactly the time stated.

sharp

The ... of a container such as a cup or glass is the edge that goes all the way round the top.

rim

The ... of a circular object is its outside edge.

rim

A ... is a dirty mark.

smudge