Chemistry - Atomic structure

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What are atoms?
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Tiny particles that make up all elements and substances
What is the structure of an atom?
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A central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in shells
Which particles are found in the nucleus?
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Protons and neutrons
Where are electrons found?
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In the shells around the nucleus
What is the relative mass of a proton & neutron?
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1
What is the relative mass of an electron?
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Very small (1/2000)
Why is an atom neutral?
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Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons
What is an ion?
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A charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons
What happens when an atom loses electrons?
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It becomes a positive ion
What happens when an atom gains electrons?
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It becomes a negative ion
What is the atomic number?
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The number of protons in an atom
What does the atomic number tell you?
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Which element it is
What is the mass number?
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The total number of protons and neutrons
How do you calculate neutrons
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Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
What are isotopes?
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Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Why do isotopes have different masses?
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Because they contain different numbers of neutrons
Why do isotopes react the same chemically?
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Because they have the same number of electrons
What is relative atomic mass?
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The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
How is relative atomic mass calculated?
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Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass) / total abundance
What is an electron configuration?
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The arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus
Why are full outer shells important?
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Atoms are more stable when their outer shell is full
Why are noble gases unreactive?
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They already have full outer electron shells
What ion does sodium form?
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Na+ because it loses 1 electron
What ion does fluorine form?
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F- because it gains 1 electron
What ion does calcium form?
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Ca2+ because it loses 2 electrons
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