Chapter 4: Bipolar and Related Disorders

hypomania

a less severe form of mania seen in bipolar disorders

bipolar disorder

a disorder characterized by the presence of mania or hypomania

lability

the state where the person emotionally moves from the peaks of elation to the depths of despair

mania

a distinct period during which the predominant mood is either elevated, expansive, or irritable, and there is increased activity or energy

hypomanic episode

a mood disturbance in which many of the features of found in mania may be present, but overall the mood disturbance is less severe

eurythmic

state of being in a normal non-depressed reasonably positive mood

Bipolar I

a bipolar disorder that refers to severe manic episodes accompanied by one or more periods of major depressive episodes which can have psychotic features

Bipolar II

a specific bipolar disorder that refers to a pattern of symptoms ranging from hypomanic or manic episodes accompanied by one or more periods of depression, but with a major distinction in the degree of severity

anxious distress

a specifier applicable to the bipolar disorders that is intended to identify individuals who have symptoms of anxiety that are not part of the bipolar diagnostic criteria

mixed features

specifier that replaces the earlier DSM bipolar I diagnosis of "mixed episode" and now applies to both bipolar disorders applied when symptoms of the opposite pole are present

rapid cycling

specifier that is indicated for the bipolar disorders when the individual experiences at least four mood episodes (in any combination) within a 1-year period

melancholic features

specifier that applies to bipolar I disorder and features a nearly complete loss of pleasure in all or almost all activities or a lack of a response to pleasurable stimuli

atypical features

specifier that is applies to bipolar I disorder when the person's mood brightens during his or her most recent major depressive episode

leaden paralysis

a heavy feeling in the arms or legs

psychotic features

specifier that applies when a person may experience delusions or hallucinations at any point in a bipolar episode

catatonia

specifier that applies when a person shows a decreased ability to react to his or her environment during of the bipolar episode of mania or depression

peripartum onset

specifier applicable to the bipolar disorders which is considered when the current or most recent episode of mania, hypomania, or major depression occurs during pregnancy or the four weeks following delivery

seasonal pattern

specifier that is applicable to the bipolar disorders and involves a regular time-of-year pattern (within a two-year period) for those who tend to experience at least one type of mood episode

cyclothymic disorder

a disorder within the classification of the bipolar and related disorders that refers to a chronic or cyclic mood disturbance that has many of the same features found in major depressive disorders