American legal research

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Domanda Risposta
wyrównać
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redress
żale krzywdy
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grievances
wnieśc petycję
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to petition
stosować zatrudniać używać
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employ
The US employs a federal system of government.
złożone państwo
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composite state
suwerenność
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sovereignty
In which sovereignty of the entire state is divided between the central of federal government and the local governments of the several constituted states.
składowy, składnik
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constituent
being a part of a whole.
poddać się
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surrender
(został) pp poddany oddany
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surrendered
The control of the external relations of all the member states has been surrendered to a central government so that the only state that exist for international purposes is the one formed by the union
statut nadanie
z
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charter
each colony operated as an entity under its own charter as a governing document according to English law
ponownie domagać się uznania
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reassert
zbuntowały się
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revolted
zwołali do napisania / powrócili do projektu
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reconvened to draft
podrabianie fałszowanie z ing
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counterfeiting
zbiory praw
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sets of law
b małe kawałki okruchy
p
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bits
bits of law
zapoczątkować
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originate
wkraczać
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encroach
podbudować podmurować
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underpin
GPO rządowe publikujące biuro
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Government Publishing Office
Dzienniki Ustaw F
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Statutes at Large
Zbiór praw federalnych tematycznie F
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United States Code
nomenklatura terminologia
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nomenclature
zawierać mieścić w sobie
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comprise
ustawodawczy //
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legislative law-making
łatwo z łatwością ochoczo
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readily
kontrowersje spór
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controversies
Sąd Najwyższy (federalny)
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United States Supreme Court
Federalny Sąd pierwszego stopnia
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District Court
Federalny Sąd Aelacyjny
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United States Court of Appeal (Circut Court)
służalczy
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subservient
doktryna precedensu
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stare decisis
The doctrine of precedent, under which a court must follow earlier judicial decisions when the same points arise again in litigation.
konsekwencja (od konskwentnego)
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consistency
Following earlier decisions as precedents leads to greater consistency. Consistency benefits law.
antydatować (przed uchwaleniem statutu)
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predate
The courts apply legal rules that predate the widespread use of statutes.
rozpowszechniony rozległy
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widespread
nakłada (uprawnienia) s
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charges
A constitution usually charges the chief executive with enforcing or executing the laws of iths jurisdiction
hierarchia aktów prawnych
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hierarchy of authority
miejsce spotkania, miejsce zdarzenia
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venue
orzec rozstrzygać
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adjudicate
w prostej linii do apelacji
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in a direct line to appeal
wynikające z ing
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stemming from
zadanie czegoś
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infliction
emocjonalny niepokój udręczenie
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emotional distress
naruszenie prywatności (wtargnięcie)
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invasion of privacy
odosobnienie
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seclusion
spisek
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conspiracy
umorzone
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remitted
łączny
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aggregate
niedopuszczalnie
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impermissibly
umocować upoważnić
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authorize
popełnić błąd
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to err
erred
wykorzystać
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utilize
zrekrutowany
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enlisted
długi poemat
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epic
nekrolog
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obituary notice
siarka
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brimstone
następstwa
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aftermath
in the aftermath of his son's funeral
zaskarżalne
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actionable
pogarda lekceważenie na s
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scorn
plamić przygasić
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tarnish
boleść
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anguish
trzymać w sobie (uczucia negatywne)
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harbor
narusza (pierszą poprawkę)
narusza pierszą poprawkę
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contravene
contravene the First Amendment
najważniejszy na p
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paramount
wykluczenie na f
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foreclosure
twierdzenie na c
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contention
odrażający
Sposób, w jaki się zachowała, był odrażający i przeczył wszystkim zasadom ludzkiej przyzwoitości.
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repugnant
The way she acted was repugnant and went against all decent human values.
poruszony wzruszony podniecony
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agitated
niżej zwana (w dokumencie)
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hereinafter
kapryśnie
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capricious
wznawianie
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resume
osoba przeciwko której wniesiono apelację//
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appellee respondent
osoba wnosząca apelację
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appellant
(archaically) plaintiff in error; (formerly) appealer
ulepszenia
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enhancements
utrzymać w mocy orzeczenie
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uphold
skrót na a
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abbreviation
krótki protokół ze sprawy z legalnych czynności wdaje sąd
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docket
utrzymać w mocy (orzeczenie) to //
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to uphold to affirm
ZMIENIĆ uchylić (orzeczenie) //
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to reverse
UNIEWAŻNIĆ uchylić (orzeczenie)
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to overrule
“Overruling is an act of superior jurisdiction. A precedent overruled is definitely and formally deprived of all authority. (Of a court) to overturn or set aside (a precedent) by expressly deciding that it should no longer be controlling law
streszczenie//
streszczone przetrawione uporządkowane
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synopsis digest
digested
West law prawnicy edytorzy
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West attorney - editors
Editorial enhancements created by West attorney- editors
zółta flaga
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yellow flag
Cases & Administrative Decisions - some negative treatment, but not reversed or overruled
czerwona flaga
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red flag
• Cases & Administrative Decisions - no longer good for at least one point of law
niebieska flaga
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blue flag
A blue-striped flag indicates a document has been appealed to the U.S. Courts of Appeals or the U.S. Supreme Court (excluding appeals originating from agencies).
powołane orzeczenie ustawy w uzasadnieniu itp.
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Table of authorities
is a listing of the cases of relied upon as authority by the document you viewing
sprawozdawcze zbiory
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reporter sets
since 1979 West's National Reporter System has complied cases from state and federal courts and organized them into various reporter sets
ponumerowane kolejno
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numbered consecutively
Volumes are numbered consecutively
sąsiadujący (stan)
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adjacent
regional reporters begun in 1879 around adjacent states
broszura
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pamphlet
oddzielny odrębny
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discrete
gałąź prawa
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branch of the law
masa ogrom
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bulk
wersja papierowa
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hard copy
zlepione razem
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clumped together
odnaleźć odzyskać
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retrieve
komentarze do ustaw
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anotations
(-) dzielnik kreska
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hyphen
wyklepać na pamięć od grzechotki
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rattle off
ogłoszona (ustawa)
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promulgated
lokalne akty prawne //
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municipalities localities
nieskrępowany
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uninhibited
harmonijny spółgłoska
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consonant
w trakcie pełnienia obowiązków, w ramach obowiązku
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in the line of duty
wycyrklować
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contrived
odnalezienie odzyskanie
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retrieval
żródła prawa
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sources of law
constitution, statutes, judicial opinions, administrative regulations

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