Advanced Grammar in use

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Domanda English Risposta English
State verbs with present continuous to emphasise that a situation is temporary or for a period of time around the present
Ella jest z nami teraz. Dzieci uwielbiają mieć ją tutaj.
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attract, like, look, love, sound
Ella is with us at the moment. The children are loving having her here.
State verbs we rarely use with the present continuous
Wątpię, abym jeszcze dostał kolejną szansę odbycia egzaminu
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believe, consist of, doubt, own
I doubt whether I'll get another chance to retake the exam
Some state verbs have different meanings when they are used to talk about states and when they describe actions
With their "state" meaning they usually take simple forms. With their "action" meaning they may take simple or continuous forms.
Aplikacja wydaje się nie działać na moim telefonie.
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cost, expect, feel, fit, have, imagine, measure, think, weigh
The app doesn't appear to work on my phone.
WIth some verbs describing "mental" states we can use the present continuous to emphasise that we have recently started to think about something or that we are not sure about something
I'm increasingly aware that it was the wrong decision
Żałuję mojej decyzji o powierzeniu jej pracy
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find, realise, regret, think, understand
I am regretting my decision to give her the job
rozważyć
When it means "think carefully about" the verb is only used with the present continuous
On rozważa wcześniejszą emeryturę
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to consider
He's considering taking early retirement
Some other verbs describing preferences and mental states are rarely used with the present continuous
Teraz ci wierzę
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agree, believe, conclude, know, prefer
I believe you now
We use the present simple with verbs which perform the action they describe
Sugeruję zaparkować poza miastem i złapać autobus do centrum
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suggest, request, acknowledge, admit, advise, apologise, beg, confess, congratulate, declare, deny, forbid, guarantee, name, order, permit, predict, promise, refuse, remind, request, thank, warn
I suggest you park outside the city and get the bus to the center
Some verbs used as performatives with the present simple in positive sentences have a similar meaning with either the present simple or the present continuous in negative sentences
Nie odmawiam zabierania książek, ale Miguel powiedział, że to powinno być ok
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apologise, deny, guarantee, promise, suggest
I am not denying taking the books, but Miguel said it would be okay
Muszę prosić Cię o zachowanie tego w sekrecie
Modals are often used with performatives to make what we say more tentative or polite
Zalecamy przybycie dwie godziny przed odlotem
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I must beg you to keep this a secret
We would advise you to arrive two hours before the flight leaves
We often use the present simple and present continuous in stories and jokes in informal spoken English to create the impression that events are happening now
The main events are usually described in sequence using the present simple and longer background events are described using the present continuous
Ona podchodzi do tego mężczyzny i spogląda mu prosto w oczy. On nie ma okularów i nie rozpoznaje jej
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(example) This man is playing golf when a kangaroo bounds up to him, grab his club and hits his ball about half a mile
She goes up to this man and looks straight into his eyes. He's not wearing his glasses and he doesn't recognise her.
In narratives and anecdotes the present simple can be used to highlight an event. Often it is used after past tenses and with a phrase such as suddenly or all of a sudden
Siedziałem sobie w parku, czytałem gazetę, nagle nie wiadomo skąd wyskoczył na mnie ten pies
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suddenly, all of a sudden
I was sitting in the park, reading a newspaper, when all of a sudden this dog jumps at me
We also use the present simple and present continuous in live commentaries when the report takes place at the same time as the action
Rodriguez podaje do Messiego, który strzela ponad poprzeczką. Barcelona atakuje dużo bardziej w tej części spotkania
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King serves to the left-hand court and Adams makes a wonderful return. She's playing magnificent tennis in this match
Rodriguez passes to Messi who shots just over the bar. Barcelona are attacking much more in this half
Phrases we use to introduce news that we have heard, read, seen or been told
We can also use them with past tenses
Sophia powiedziała mi, że myślisz o emigracji
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It says here, I hear, I gather, I see, I understand, they say, Someone says, Someone tells me
Sophia tells me you're thinking of emigrating
Drugie trzęsienie ziemi uderza w Japonię
The present simple is often used in news headlines to talk about events that have recently happended
Pożar wybuchł w pokoju hotelowym
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Second quake hits Japan
Fire breaks out in hotel room
Thomson przedstawia listę największych firm w Europie w rozdziale szóstym
We can use the present simple to refer to the contents of books, films, newspapers etc.
W filmie Loni Baranski wciela się w rolę prywatnego detektywa
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Thompson gives a list of the largest European companies in Chapter 6
In the film, Loni Baranski takes the role of a private detective
We can use the present continuous with those adverbs to emphasise that something is done so often that it is characteristic of a person, group or thing
We often use this pattern to indicate disapproval. The past continuous is used in similar way with this pattern.
Myślę, że zostanę jednak tutaj / Ty ciągle zmieniasz zdanie!
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always, constantly, continually, forever
Example with Past Continuous: Was Olivia always asking you for money, too?
I think I'll stay here after all. / You're constantly changing your mind.
We can use the present continuous to describe something we regularly do at a certain time. Przykład: O ósmej zazwyczaj jadę samochodem do pracy, więc zadzwoń na moją komórkę
Siódma to trochę za wcześnie. Zazwyczaj wtedy jadamy.
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At eight o'clock I'm usually driving to work, so phone me on my mobile
Seven o'clock is a bit early. We're generally eating then.
Time expressions that refer to the present
They can be used with either past simple or present perfect verbs. If we think of it as a past, completed time period, then we use the past simple. If as a time period which includes the present moment, then we use the present perfect
Nie ogoliłem się dzisiaj rano (rano się zakończyło / ranek ciągle trwa)
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this morning, this week, this month, today
I didn't shave this morning / I haven't shaved this morning
In a sentence which includes a time clause with this word, we generally prefer a past simple in the time clause and a present perfect verb in the main clause
The time clause refers to a particular point in the past
Odkąd pan Dodson został prezydentem bezrobocie wzrosło / Ona nie może grać w tenisa odkąd złamała rękę
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since
Since Mr. Dodson became president unemployment has increased / She hasn't been able to play tennis since she broke her arm
We use present perfect in the time clause with this word if the two situations described in the main clause and time clause extend until present
Czy spotkałeś już jakichś sąsiadów odkąd tu mieszkasz?
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since
Have you met any of your neighbours since you've lived here?
With time clauses introduced by these expressions the past simple refers to past, completed events and the present perfect refers to the future events
It is possible to use the past perfect instead of the past simple and the present simple instead of the present perfect
Po tym jak opuściła szpital, pojechała na długie wakacje / Po skończeniu szkoły Łukasz spędzi sześć miesięcy w Indiach
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after, when, until, as soon as, once, by the time
After she left hospital, she had a long holiday / After Lucas has left school, he will be spending six months in India
With these time expressions the past simple refers to past, completed events and the present perfect refers to the future events
It is possible to use the past perfect instead of the past simple and the present simple instead of the present perfect
Minutę po tym jak otrzymałem wiadomość o Annie, zadzwoniłem do moich rodziców / Skontaktuję się z Tobą minutę po tym jak otrzymam wyniki egzaminu
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the minute / second / moment
The minute I got the news about Anna, I telephoned my parents / I will contact you the minute I've got my exam results
In news report, you will often read about or hear recent events introduced with the (tense) and then the (tense) are used to give details
Amerykanka została pierwszą osobą, które wykonała 2 miliony kontrybucji do Wikipedii. Esther Miller rozpoczęła edycję strony 8 lat temu
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present perfect ... past simple or other past tenses
An American woman has become the first person to make 2 milion contributions to Wikipedia. Esther Miller began editing the site eight years ago.
After this pattern we generally use the present perfect in the next clause
Pierwszy raz jak widzę Jana wyglądającego na zażenowanego
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It / This / That is / will be the first time
That's the first time I've seen Jan look embarrassed
After this pattern we generally use the past perfect
To był pierwszy raz jak rozmawiałem z Dimitrą poza biurem
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It / This / That was the first time
It was the first time I'd talked to Dimitra outside the office
When we talk about two events or activities that went on over the same period of past time, we can often use tense or tense for both
Mia czytała dzieciom podczas gdy Ben zmywał
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past continuous ... past simple
Mia was reading/read to the children while Ben was washing up/washed up
Using tense emphasises that the event or activity was in progress during the past period of time
Kiedy uczyłem się jeździć/nauczyłem się jeździć mieszkałem z rodzicami
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past continuous
was learning emphasises that the activity was in progress(I had lessons during this time) and learned emphasises completion(I passed my test during this time).
When I was learning/learned to drive I was living with my parents
When we talk about two or more past completed events that followed one another, we use tense, not the tense, for both
Ona wstała kiedy budzik zadzwonił
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past simple not the past continuous
She got up when the alarm clock went off
We usually use the tense rather than the tense to talk about repeated past actions
W zeszłym roku pojechaliśmy do Hiszpanii trzy razy
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past simple rather than past continuous
We went to Spain three times last year
We can use the tense, particularly in spoken English, when we want to emphasise that repeated actions went on for a limited and temporary period of past time
Aby stracić wagę przed biegiem tygodniami nie jadłem ciastek.
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past continuous
or didn't eat - past simple
To lose weight before the race, I wasn't eating any biscuits for weeks
We can use the tense, particularly in spoken English, when we want to emphasise that repeated actions happened surprisingly often in the past
W zeszłym tygodniu musiałem przynosić pracę do domu każdego wieczora, aby uporać się ze wszystkim
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past continuous
or had to - past simple
Last week I was having to bring work home every night to get it all done
We often use the tense in a narrative (e.g. report a story) to talk about a single complete past event and the tense to describe the situation that existed at the time.
The event might have interrupted the situation, or happened while the situation was in progress
Erika upuściła torebkę kiedy wsiadała do samochodu / Ona trzęsła się ze złości kiedy opuściła hotel
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past simple ... past continuous
Erika dropped her bag while she was getting into her car / She was shaking with anger as she left the hotel
We can use either (tense) or (tense) with some (verbs) to talk about things we intended to do, but didn't
Chcieliśmy zadzwonić i was odwiedzić, ale Marc nie czuł się dobrze
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past continuous ... past simple(or past perfect) ... consider + ing, expect to, hope to, intend to, mean to, plan to / on + ing, think about / of + ing, want to
We were meaning to call in and see you, but Marc wasn't feeling well
These (verbs) can be used with the (tense) and (tense) to report what we might do in the future.
Myślę o wyjeździe do Chin, ale to zależy od tego ile będę miał pieniędzy (wersja mniej konkretna / bardziej konkretna)
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consider + ing, hope to, intend to, plan to / on + ing, think about / of + ing, want to, wonder about ... present continuous ... past continuous
past continuous is less definite that the present continuous
I was thinking of going to China next year, but it depends how much money I've got / (more definite) I'm thinking of going to China next year, but it depends how much money I've got
I wrote/had written Clara an email to thank her for the present she gave/had given me for my birthday last week. But as soon as I pressed the 'send' button, I realised/had realised that I made/had made a mistake and sent it to her sister instead
When we give an account of a sequence of past events we usually put these events in chronological order using the past simple. If we want to refer to an event, which happened before the last event in the sequence, we can use the past perfect
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wrote ... had given ... realised ... had made
I wrote Clara an email to thank her for the present she had given me for my birthday last week. But as soon as I pressed the 'send' button, I realised that I had made a mistake and sent it to her sister instead
When we understand that we are talking about events before another past event, we don't have to continue using the tense
W zeszłym miesiącu kupiliśmy samochód. Przez lata jeździliśmy autem moich rodziców, ale zaczęło się sypać. Włożyliśmy do niego nowy silnik, ale to nie rozwiązało problemów, które mieliśmy
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past perfect
alternatives: had started, had put, hadn't solve
We bought a new car last month. We'd driven my parents' old car for ages, but it started to fall apart. We put a new engine in it, but that didn't solve the problems we were having
If the order of past events is clear from the context(for example, if time expressions make the order clear) we can often use either the tense or the tense
Obaj liderzy zdecydowali się spotkać, pomimo że wcześniejsze rozmowy nie doprowadziły do porozumienia
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past perfect ... past simple
The two leaders agreed to meet, even though earlier talks failed/had failed to reach an agreement
The tense is often used in reporting what was originally said or thought in the tense or tens
Powiedziane lub pomyślane: Wioska nie zmieniła się bardzo / Zaraportowane: Zorientowałem się, że wioska nie zmieniła się za bardzo
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past perfect ... present perfect ... past simple
Though or said: The village hasn't changed much / Reported: I found that the village hadn't changed much
We can use either the tense or tense when we talk about things that we intended to do, but didn't or won't now do in the future
Aron planował odejść na emeryturę w wieku 60 lat, ale przekonaliśmy go do pozostania na jeszcze kilka lat
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past perfect ... past simple
Aron planned/had planned to retire at 60, but we have persuaded him to stay for a few more years
We use the tense to express the idea of an activity(a task, piece of work, etc.) in progress until recently or until the time of speaking
One pisała tą książkę odkąd miała dwadzieścia parę lat i w końcu jest gotowa
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present perfect continuous
Note that we often use time expressions to say how long the activity has been in progress
She's been writing the book since she was in her twenties and at last it's finished
We don't use the tense with verbs such as verbs that describe unchanging states
Nie lubię lodów odkąd zjadłem za dużo i źle się czułem
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present perfect continuous ... belong, know, (dis)like and understand
I haven't liked the ice cream since I ate too much and was sick
When we talk about situations(general characteristics or circumstances) that exist until the present we can often use either the tense or the tense
Od wieków czekaliśmy na te wakacje
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present perfect or present perfect continuous
We've been looking forward to/We've looked forward to this holiday for ages
We often use the tense or the tense to talk about something that has recently finished if we can still see its results. However, we generally use the tense with verbs that suggest extended or repeated activity
On złamał palec i bardzo go boli / Grałem w squasha i muszę wziąć prysznic
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present perfect ... present perfect continuous ... present perfect continuous
He has broken his finger and is in a lot of pain / I've been playing squash and need a shower
We use the tense rather than the tense when we draw a conclusion from what we can see, hear, etc. We often use this form to complain or criticise.
Kto grzebał w moich papierach? Są teraz wszędzie! / Jadłeś czekoladę, prawda? Masz trochę na koszuli.
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present perfect continuous ... present perfect
Who's been messing around with my papers? They're all over the place. / You've been eating chocolate, haven't you? There is some on your shirt.
When we talk about the results of circumstances or an activity, we use the tense, rather than the tense. When we focus on the process we often use either the tense or the tense
Ceny spadły o 7% / Ceny ostatnio spadły / Zużyłem trzy puszki farby na ściany w kuchni / Użyłem nowy rodzaj farby na ściany w kuchni
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present perfect ... present perfect continuous ... present perfect ... present perfect continuous
Prices have decreased by 7% / Prices have been decreasing(have decreased) recently / I've used three tins of paint on the kitchen walls / I've been using(have used) a new kind of paint on the kitchen walls
The (tense) emphasises that an activity is ongoing and repeated, while the (tense2) suggests the activity happened only once or in a specified number of occasions
Miguel kopał piłkę o mur przez cały dzień / On grał w reprezentacji do tej pory 65 razy
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present perfect continuous ... present perfect
Miguel has been kicking a football against the wall all day / He has played for the national team in 65 matches so far
Pracownicy domagali się(wielokrotnie) dymisji prezesa
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The workers have been calling for the chairman's resignation
Pracownicy wezwali zarząd(prawdopodobnie jednorazowo) do rozpoczęcia negocjacji o płacach
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Workers have called for management to begin negotiations on pay
We use the tense to talk about something that was in progress recently before or up to a past point in time, and the tense when we talk about a finished activity before a past time
Kończyłam pracę w ogrodzie kiedy Lea przyjechała, wiec nie słyszałam jak weszła / Skończyłam prasować więc zaczęłam myć okna
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past perfect continuous ... past perfect
I'd been finishing some work in the garden when Lea arrived, so I didn't hear her come in / I'd finished all the ironing so I started cleaning the windows
We can often use either the tense or the tense with a similar meaning
Pracowałem ciężko cały rok, więc czułem, że zasługiwałem na wakację
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past perfect continuous or past perfect
I'd been working / I'd worked hard all year, so I felt that I deserved a holiday
If we talk about how many times something happened in a period up to a particular past time, we use the tense not the tense
Przed wczoraj, ile razy wcześniej spotkałaś go? / W latach dziewięćdziesiątych spałam w tym hotelu dwa razy
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past perfect ... past perfect continuous
How many times had you met him before yesterday? / I had stayed in the hotel twice in the 1990s
The past perfect continuous can be used to talk about a situation or activity that went on before a particular past time and (i), (ii) or (iii)
(i) Jechaliśmy przez godzinę, kiedy silnik nagle się zatrzymał / (ii) Czuła się fatalnie podczas wywiadu, ponieważ od wczoraj cierpiała z powodu grypy / (iii) Kiedy ostatnio widziałem Omara, biegał i nie mógł złapać oddechu
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(i) finished at that time ... (ii) continued beyond it ... (iii) finished shortly
(i) We'd been driving for about an hour when the engine suddenly stopped / (ii) She felt terrible during the interview because she had been suffering from flu since the previous day / (iii) When I last saw Omar, he'd been running and was out of breath
If we are not interested in how long the activity went on before a particular past time, we can use the tense instead of the tense
Pierwszy raz spotkałem Mateo i Lucię kiedy spotykali się od pięciu lat i nie wzięli ślubu przez kolejne trzy / Karin spotkała Lars kiedy spotykała się z jego najlepszym przyjacielem
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past continuous ... past perfect continuous
I first met Mateo and Lucia when they had been going out together for five years, and they didn't get married for another three years after that / Karin met Lars when she was going out with his best friend
Remember that we don't describe states with continuous tenses. We use the tense, not the tense, even when we focus on the length of a situation up to a particular past time
Mieliśmy to auto przez sześć tygodni zanim zepsuło się sprzęgło
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past perfect ... past perfect continuous
We had only owned the car for six weeks when the clutch broke.
This past tense is mainly used in written texts and is less common in speech.
Ciało wspinacza, który zaginął w Alpach zostało wczoraj ostatecznie odnalezione. Carl Simms wspinał się sam niedaleko wodospadu w górach Harz, które już w przeszłości pochłonęły wiele żyć
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past perfect continuous
The body of a climber who went missing in the Alps was finally found yesterday. Carl Simms had been climbing alone near the Harz Waterfall, which has claimed many lives in the past.
When we focus an activity itself, starting before and continuing up to (and possibly beyond) a particular point of time, rather than focusing on actions as completed events, we use simple/continuous forms
Skoro nie używasz teraz auto, czy mogę je pożyczyć? / Czy kiedy ją widziałeś ona miała na sobie tą czerwoną sukienkę?
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continuous
As you're not using your car at the moment, can I borrow it? / Was she wearing that red dress when you saw her?
We use simple/continuous forms to talk about general situations, habits, and things that are or were always true
Miguel nie gra dobrze w golfa / Kiedy pracowałem jako listonosz wstawałem o trzeciej rano każdego dnia
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simple
Miguel doesn't play golf very well / When I worked as a postman I got up at three o'clock every morning
We use simple/continuous forms with verbs that describe unchanging states
Ona chce ciężko pracować i kontynuować naukę na uniwersytecie / Czy zrozumiałeś instrukcje które otrzymaliśmy?
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simple
She intends to work hard and go on to university / Did you understand the instructions we were given?
We can use simple/continuous forms with verbs that describe unchanging states when they describe something happening or changing
Zamierzała porozmawiać z Tonym o tym pomyśle, ale nie miała okazji / Teraz, gdy uczy nas pan Davies, znacznie lepiej rozumiem fizykę
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continuous
She was intending to talk to Tony about the idea, but she didn't get the opportunity / I'm understanding physics much better now that Mr Davies is teaching us
We use simple/perfect verb forms to describe one event or state from the point of view of a later time. The tense suggests a connection between something that happened in the past and the present time.
Note, that the situation or event does not have to continue until the time of speaking, only to have some connection or relevance to the present time
Skończyłem książkę którą chciałeś, możesz ją teraz pożyczyć / Twój nos krwawi. Czy ktoś cię uderzył?
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perfect ... present perfect
I've finished that book you wanted, so you can borrow it now / Your nose is bleeding. Has somebody hit you?
The tense is used to locate a past event before another past event
Zaprosiłem go na obiad, ale on powiedział, że już jadł / Zanim odebrałem, oni odłożyli słuchawkę
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past perfect
I invited him out to dinner, but he said he had already eaten / By the time I picked up the phone, they had rung off
We combine the perfect and continuous forms in the tense to describe an activity in progress either at or recently before the time of speaking, and possibly beyond it
Śledziłem dyskusje na forum z wielkim zainteresowaniem
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present perfect continuous
I have been following the discussions on the forum with great interest
We can also use the tense to talk about activities that have recently finished with some result that can be seen, heard, etc.
Spójrz na ten brud na twoich ubraniach! Czy znowu kopałeś w ogródku?
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present perfect continuous
Look at the dirt on your clothes! Have you been digging in the garden again?
We combine the perfect and continuous forms in the tense to describe an activity that was in progress either at or recently before a point in the past and possibly beyond it.
We can also use it to talk about activities that had finished recently before a point in the past that could be seen, heard etc.
Kiedy spotkaliśmy Lenę i Marko oni jeździli konno / Śnieg padał obficie godzinami, więc kiedy podeszłam do drzwi nie mogłam ich otworzyć
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past perfect continuous
When we met Lena and Marko, they had been riding / It had been snowing heavily for hours and when I went to the door I couldn't open it
We can use either (verb) or (construction) to talk about something that is planned, or something that we think is likely to happen in the future
Będziemy uczyć się o zmianach klimatu w późniejszej części kursu / Gdzie będziesz spał w Berlinie? / Południowa część miasta nie będzie dotknięta wyłączeniami prądu
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will ... be going to
We often prefer be going to in informal contexts
We will(are going to) study climate change in a later part of the course / Where will you(are you going to) stay in Berlin? / The south of the city won't(isn't going to) be affected by the power cuts
We use verb or construction rather than verb or construction to make a prediction based on our opinion or experience
Czemu nie przyjechać na weekend? Dzieci ucieszą się widząc was ponownie.
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will ... be going to
Why not to come over at the weekend? The children will enjoy seeing you again.
We use verb or construction rather than verb or construction when we make a prediction based on some present evidence
Niebo naprawdę pociemniało. Zaraz będzie burza
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be going to ... will
The sky's gone really dark. There's going to be a storm
To predict the future we often use verb or construction with list of phrases and in questions with other two verbs
Wyobrażam sobie, że stadion będzie pełny podczas sobotniego meczu / Wyobrażasz sobie, że on powie, tak?
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will ... I bet (informal), I expect, I hope, I imagine, I reckon (informal), I think, I wonder, I'm sure ... think, reckon
Be going to can also be used with there phrases, particularly in informal contexts.
I imagine the stadium will be full for the match on Saturday / Do you reckon he'll say yes?
We use verb or construction when we make a decision at the moment of speaking and verb or construction for decisions about the future that have already been made
Odbiorę go o ósmej(w takim razie) / Zamierzam odebrać dzieci o ósmej
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will ... be going to
I'll pick him up at eight / I am going to collect the children at eight
However, in a formal style, we use verb or construction rather than verb or construction to talk about future events that have been previously arranged in some detail
The meeting will begin at 9am. Refreshments will be available from 8:30 onwards
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will rather than be going to
Spotkanie rozpocznie się o 9 rano. Przekąski będą dostępne od 8:30
We can use will or be going to with little difference in meaning in the main clause of an if-sentence when we say that something (often something negative) is...
Stłuczesz tą szklankę jeżeli nie będziesz uważny
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conditional on something else
You'll/'re going to knock that glass over if you're not careful
When the future event does not depend on the action described in the if-clause, we use verb or construction, not verb or construction. This kind of sentence is mainly found in spoken English
Otwieram butelkę lemoniady, jeżeli masz ochotę się napić(i tak otworzę, nawet jeżeli nie chcesz) / Otworzę butelkę lemoniady, jeżeli masz ochotę się napić (w przciwnym przypadku nie otworzę)
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be going to not will
I'm going to open a bottle of lemonade, if you want some / I'll open a bottle of lemonade if you want some.
However, we use verb or construction, not verb or construction, when the main clause refers to offers, requests, promises, etc. and ability
Jeżeli Eryk zadzwoni, dam ci znać / Jeżeli spojrzysz w lewo, zobaczysz jezioro(rozumiane jako obietnica, nie pewność)
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will not be going to
If Erik phones, I'll let you know / If you look to your left, you'll see the lake
We use verb or construction, not verb or construction, when one thing is the logical consequence of another
Jeżeli nie włączysz najpierw monitora, komputer się nie włączy
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will not be going to
If you don't switch on the monitor first, the computer won't come on
We can often use either tense or verb to talk about future events that are part of some timetabled or programmed arrangement or routine. However we prefer the tense for fixed, unchangeable events
Czy wyprzedaż kończy się w czwartek czy w piątek? / Słońce wstanie o 5:16 jutro
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present simple ... will ... present simple
Does/will the sale finish on Thursday or Friday? / The sun rises at 5:16 tomorrow
We avoid the tense when we talk about lest formal or less routine arrangements, or predictions. Instead we use verb, construction or the tense
Czy zostajesz w domu, żeby oglądać telewizje wieczorem, czy idziesz potańczyć? / Teraz to tylko problem w Wielkiej Brytanii, ale wpłynie to wkrótce na resztę Europy.
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present simple ... will ... be going to ... present continuous
Are you staying in to watch TV tonight, or are you coming dancing? / It's only a problem in Britain now, but it will affect the rest of Europe soon
We use the tense, not a word, to refer to the future in time clauses with conjunctions such as list of conjunctions
Powinienem skończyć zanim wrócisz
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We use the present simple, not will, to refer to the future in time clauses with conjunctions such as after, as soon as, before, by the time, when, while, until
I should be finished by the time you get back (not by the time you will get back)
We use the tense, not a word, to refer to the future in conditional clauses with list of clauses
Posiadając odpowiednie oprogramowanie, powinienem być w stanie rozwiązać ten problem
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We use the present simple, not will, to refer to the future in conditional clauses with if, in case, provided, and unless
Provided the right software is available, I should be able to solve the problem
We use the tense, not a word, to refer to the future when we talk about possible future events with two words, and a construction at the beginning of a sentence. Note that another tense can be used with a similar meaning
Co jeżeli pociąg się spóźni? Gdzie powinienem się wtedy z tobą spotkać?
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We use the present simple, not will, to refer to the future when we talk about possible future events with suppose, supposing, and what if at the beginning of a sentence. Note that past simple can be used with a similar meaning
What if train's late? Where shall I meet you then? (or What if the train was late?)

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