Advanced English (2) • VERBS • 'L'

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lag behind someone/something
collocation with lag verb [I ] C1 • synonyms: fall behind, trail, underperform • lag behind someone/something in X; continue to lag behind; lag far/significantly behind; lag behind competitors/targets • freq in AmE: 6/10
The company is lagging behind its competitors in digital innovation. | 2. Students from rural areas often lag behind in access to technology. | 3. Europe continues to lag behind the U.S. in AI investment.
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pozostawać w tyle za kimś/czymś, rozwijać się wolniej niż inni
to move, develop, or progress more slowly than others; to fall behind in performance, speed, innovation, or achievement compared to a person, group, or standard
Firma pozostaje w tyle za konkurencją w zakresie innowacji cyfrowych. | 2. Uczniowie z terenów wiejskich często mają gorszy dostęp do technologii. | 3. Europa nadal pozostaje w tyle za USA pod względem inwestycji w sztuczną inteligencję.
lag behind the West
collocation with lag verb [I ] C1 • synonyms: fall behind, trail, underperform • lag behind the West in X; continue/significantly lag behind the West; lag behind the West politically/technologically/economically • freq in AmE: 5/10
Many regions still lag behind the West in digital transformation. | 2. Some governments lag behind the West in human rights legislation.
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pozostawać w tyle za Zachodem (pod względem rozwoju, technologii, praw, innowacji)
to develop, progress, or modernize more slowly than Western countries; to fall short in terms of innovation, infrastructure, democracy, technology, or economic performance compared to Western standards
Wiele regionów nadal pozostaje w tyle za Zachodem w zakresie transformacji cyfrowej. | 2. Niektóre rządy pozostają w tyle za Zachodem w kwestii praw człowieka.
lambaste
verb [T ] C2 (UK also lambast) • synonyms: attack, denounce, berate • lambaste someone for something; lambasted by critics/media/public • freq in AmE: 5/10
She was lambasted by critics for her controversial remarks.
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ostro skrytykować, zrugać, „zjechać” (kogoś publicznie lub intensywnie)
to criticize someone or something harshly and publicly; to reprimand or attack verbally with great intensity
Została zjechana przez krytyków za kontrowersyjne wypowiedzi.
leverage
verb [T ] (business / formal) C1 • synonyms: exploit, utilize, capitalize on, make use of, harness • leverage skills/resources/experience/technology/influence • freq in AmE: 9/10
The company leveraged its experience to expand into new markets. | 2. She skillfully leveraged social media to grow her brand. | 3. He leveraged his connections to secure the funding.
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wykorzystywać (coś) jak najefektywniej; używać (czegoś) dla osiągnięcia korzyści
to use something that you already have, such as skills, resources, or influence, to achieve something new or better
wykorzystywać (coś) jak najefektywniej; używać (czegoś) dla osiągnięcia korzyści. | 2. Umiejętnie wykorzystała media społecznościowe do rozwoju marki. | 3. Wykorzystał swoje kontakty, by zdobyć fundusze.
leverage technology
collocation with leverage verb [T ] (business / formal) C1 • synonyms: utilize technology, capitalize on technology, harness technology, apply tech strategically • leverage AI/data/cloud; leverage tech to streamline/scale/personalize • freq in AmE: 7/10
We need to leverage technology to streamline our operations. | 2. She leveraged technology to automate repetitive tasks and boost productivity.
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wykorzystywać technologię optymalnie
to use technology strategically and effectively to gain an advantage, improve performance, or achieve specific goals — often by maximizing its potential or integrating it into systems
Musimy wykorzystać technologię, by usprawnić nasze działania. | 2. Wykorzystała technologię do automatyzacji zadań i zwiększenia produktywności.
levy
verb [T ] C1 • synonyms: impose, collect, charge • levy tax/fine/fee/duty; levy charges on goods/services; levy against income/property • be levied by government/council/authority • freq in AmE: 5/10
They plan to levy fines on companies that violate the law.
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nakładać, ściągać (np. podatek, opłatę, grzywnę)
to officially demand and collect a payment such as a tax, fine or fee; often used by governments or authorities in formal contexts
Planują ściągać grzywny od firm łamiących przepisy.
levy taxes
collocation with levy verb [T ] C1 • synonyms: impose, collect, charge • levy taxes on income/goods/services; government/state/council levy taxes; levy taxes to fund programs • freq in AmE: 5/10
The state began to levy taxes on digital transactions.
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nakładać podatki, ściągać należności podatkowe
to officially impose and collect taxes from individuals or organizations; typically used in legal, economic or policy contexts
Państwo zaczęło pobierać podatki od transakcji cyfrowych.
limp
verb [I ] C2 • synonyms: hobble, stagger, shuffle • limp off/away/toward; limp badly/slightly; continue to limp; limp after injury/fall/accident; limp for weeks • freq in AmE: 7/10
He limped off the field after twisting his ankle.
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kuleć, kuśtykać, utykać
to walk with difficulty, typically because of pain or injury in the leg or foot; movement is uneven, slow, and often visibly impaired
Zszedł z boiska kulejąc po skręceniu kostki.
linger
verb [I ] C2 (also linger on) • synonyms: remain, persist, hover • linger in the air/memory/mind; linger over a moment/goodbye; scent/feeling/pain lingers; linger quietly/wistfully; linger and fade/haunt/comfort
After the play had finished, we lingered for a while in the bar hoping to catch sight of the actors. | 2. The memory of that day still lingers in my mind. | 3. The smell from the fire still lingered days later.
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trwać, utrzymywać się (np. o zapachu, smaku), zwlekać
to stay somewhere or remain in a state longer than expected or necessary, often due to reluctance, pleasure, or emotional attachment
Po zakończeniu sztuki pozostaliśmy jeszcze chwilę w barze, mając nadzieję, że uda nam się dostrzec aktorów. | 2. Wspomnienie tamtego dnia wciąż trwa w moim umyśle. | 3. Zapach pożaru utrzymywał się jeszcze przez kilka dni.
loom
verb [I ] C1 • synonyms: threaten, hang over, impend • loom large; looming threat/crisis/deadline • freq in AmE: 6/10
A financial crisis looms over the region. | 2. The threat of layoffs loomed throughout the company. | 3. Exams are looming, and the stress is building.
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wisieć (w powietrzu), zagrażać, nadciągać (np. kryzys, termin, groźba)
to threaten or hang over someone or something as an impending danger, pressure, or deadline. Often used metaphorically to describe something ominous or anxiety-inducing that is approaching or intensifying
Nad regionem wisi widmo kryzysu finansowego. | 2. Widmo zwolnień zawisło nad firmą. | 3. Egzaminy zbliżają się nieubłaganie, a stres narasta.
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