Advanced English (2) • NOUNS • 'D'

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decency
noun [U ] C2 • synonyms: propriety, dignity, civility • basic decency / show decency / common decency • freq in AmE: 6/10
He showed the decency to apologize after the mistake. | 2. Basic human decency demands we help those in need. | 3. She maintained her decency despite the harsh criticism.
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przyzwoitość, godność, szacunek dla norm
behavior that conforms to accepted standards of morality, respectability, or civility; the quality of being proper, modest, or considerate
Okazał się na tyle przyzwoity, by przeprosić po błędzie. | 2. Podstawowa ludzka przyzwoitość każe pomagać potrzebującym. | 3. Zachowała godność mimo ostrej krytyki.
bounds of decency
collocation with decency noun [U ] C2 • cross / go beyond / stay within the bounds of decency • freq in AmE: 5/10
His comments went beyond the bounds of decency. | 2. That joke clearly crossed the bounds of decency.
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granice przyzwoitości, dopuszczalne normy moralne
the limits of acceptable, respectful, or morally appropriate behavior — often used to criticize actions that cross ethical or social lines
Jego komentarze przekroczyły granice przyzwoitości. | 2. Ten żart wyraźnie naruszył granice przyzwoitości.
have the decency to do something
collocation with decency noun [U ] C2 • have the decency to apologize / to admit / to call; someone didn’t even have the decency to do something • freq in AmE: 6/10
Either stop talking, or at least have the decency to kill me. | 2. At least have the decency to be straight with me. | 3. She didn't even have the decency to apologize.
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mieć na tyle przyzwoitości, by coś zrobić
to behave in a way that shows basic respect, responsibility, or moral awareness — especially when someone might expect an apology, explanation, or gesture of integrity
Albo przestań gadać, albo chociaż miej trochę przyzwoitości i mnie zabij. | 2. Miej przynajmniej na tyle przyzwoitości, żeby być ze mną szczerym. | 3. Nie miała nawet na tyle przyzwoitości, żeby przeprosić.
defection
noun [C or U ] C1 • synonyms: betrayal, desertion, abandonment • political defection / defection from ideals / defection to the enemy • freq in AmE: 5/10
Her defection to the rival movement raised questions about her convictions.
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sprzeniewierzenie się, zdrada (ideałów, lojalności, przekonań)
the act of abandoning allegiance, loyalty, or commitment to a cause, group, or set of values — often in favor of an opposing side
Jej przejście do konkurencyjnego ruchu wzbudziło pytania o jej przekonania.
demeanor
noun [C usually singular or U ] C1 US formal (UK demeanour) • synonyms: manner, attitude • calm/confident/professional demeanor; maintain/project/adopt/criticize someone’s demeanor; demeanor under pressure/in public/in conflict • freq in AmE: 6/10
Her calm demeanor helped defuse the tense situation. | 2. Despite the criticism, his demeanor remained composed and respectful.
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postawa, postępowanie, zachowanie (się)
a person’s outward behavior, manner, or way of presenting themselves — especially in terms of attitude, emotional tone, or social presence
Jej spokojne zachowanie pomogło rozładować napięcie. | 2. Pomimo krytyki, jego sposób bycia pozostał opanowany i pełen szacunku.
low-key demeanor
collocation with demeanor noun [C usually singular ] C1 • synonyms: restrained attitude, subdued manner, understated presence • low-key demeanor under pressure/in public/in leadership; maintain/project/adopt a low-key demeanor • freq in AmE: 3/10
Despite the pressure, she maintained a low-key demeanor throughout the interview. | 2. The CEO’s low-key demeanor contrasted with the company’s bold branding.
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powściągliwy stosunek, stonowana postawa
a calm, restrained, and understated way of behaving or presenting oneself — often marked by emotional control, quiet confidence, or deliberate avoidance of attention
Pomimo presji, podczas całego wywiadu zachowywała spokój. | 2. Spokojna postawa dyrektora generalnego kontrastowała z odważnym wizerunkiem firmy.
demise
noun [C or U ] C1 • synonyms: death, downfall, collapse • demise of empire/tradition/industry; mourn/hasten/witness demise • freq in AmE: 6/10
The sudden demise of the company shocked the market. | 2. Historians debate the causes of Rome’s demise.
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upadek, koniec istnienia, zgon
the end or failure of something, especially a system, institution, or era; also used formally to refer to death, particularly of a person in high position
Nagły upadek firmy zszokował rynek. | 2. Historycy spierają się o przyczyny upadku Rzymu.
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