Advanced English (2) • ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS • 'R'

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recognizable
adjective C1 • synonyms: identifiable, familiar, distinct • recognizable voice / logo / pattern / skyline • freq in AmE: 6/10
Her voice is instantly recognizable. | 2. He wore a recognizable logo on his jacket.
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rozpoznawalny, dający się rozpoznać, znajomy z wyglądu lub brzmienia
able to be identified or acknowledged from previous knowledge, appearance, or characteristics; familiar enough to be noticed or named
Jej głos jest natychmiast rozpoznawalny. | 2. Na kurtce miał rozpoznawalne logo.
replete (with something)
adjective [after verb, not before noun ] C2 formal • synonyms: full of, rich in, saturated with • replete with detail/imagery/symbolism/irony; replete with references/errors/emotion • freq in AmE: 4/10
The novel is replete with vivid imagery and symbolism.
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pełen (czegoś), wypełniony (czymś)
fully or abundantly supplied or filled with something; often used to describe richness, variety, or saturation — whether literal (food, detail) or metaphorical (emotion, symbolism, irony)
Powieść jest pełna żywych obrazów i symboliki.
reprehensible
adjective C2 • synonyms: disgraceful, shameful, deplorable • reprehensible conduct/behavior/attitude; morally/utterly reprehensible • freq in AmE: 5/10
Such behavior is not only unethical but reprehensible.
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naganny, godny potępienia, moralnie karygodny
morally wrong and deserving strong criticism; used to describe actions, behavior, or attitudes that provoke condemnation
Takie zachowanie jest nie tylko nieetyczne, ale wręcz karygodne.
rigid statistics
collocation with rigid adjective C2 • synonyms: hard data, inflexible figures, raw metrics • rigid statistics in reports/policy; rely on rigid statistics; rigid vs nuanced data; challenge rigid statistics with context • freq in AmE: 4/10
Rigid statistics can’t capture the emotional toll of the crisis.
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sztywne statystyki, twarde dane statystyczne
statistical data presented in a strict, inflexible, or unyielding manner; often used to emphasize objectivity, precision, or the inability to account for nuance or human factors
Twarde dane nie oddają emocjonalnych skutków kryzysu.
risk-averse
adjective [before noun ] C2 • synonyms: conservative, careful, hesitant • risk-averse investor/leader/strategy/approach • become/remain/stay risk-averse; act in a risk-averse way • freq in AmE: 6/10
Her risk-averse nature kept her from launching the startup.
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unikający ryzyka, ostrożny
unwilling to take risks or engage in actions that involve uncertainty or potential loss; often used in financial, professional, or psychological contexts to describe cautious behavior or decision-making
Jej ostrożna natura powstrzymała ją przed założeniem startupu.
reclusive
adjective C2 • synonyms: withdrawn, solitary, private • a reclusive writer/celebrity/person; live a reclusive life; remain reclusive despite fame • freq in AmE: 5/10
The author is famously reclusive and rarely gives interviews. | 2. He led a reclusive life in the mountains. | 3. Despite her fame, she remained reclusive and private.
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skryty, wycofany, stroniący od ludzi
preferring to live in isolation and avoid social interaction; withdrawn from society or public life
Autorka słynie ze skrytości i rzadko udziela wywiadów. | 2. Prowadził samotnicze życie w górach. | 3. Pomimo sławy pozostała osobą wycofaną i ceniącą prywatność.
reminiscent
adjective C1 • synonyms: evocative, suggestive, redolent • be reminiscent of something; sound/look/feel reminiscent of X • reminiscent tone/style/gesture/atmosphere • freq in AmE: 5/10
The architecture is reminiscent of 18th-century Paris. | 2. The film’s melancholic tone is reminiscent of classic noir.
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przypominający, przywodzący na myśl, mający cechy wspólne z czymś
tending to remind one of something; having qualities or features that evoke memories, associations, or similarities with something else — often used to describe style, atmosphere, or emotional tone
Ta architektura przywodzi na myśl Paryż XVIII wieku. | 2. Ton filmu przypomina klasyczne kino noir.
reciprocal
adjective C1 • synonyms: mutual, shared, balanced, returned • reciprocal respect/love/relationship/obligations • freq in AmE: 6/10
They developed a reciprocal respect over years of collaboration.
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obopólny, wzajemny, odwzajemniony
given, felt, or done in return; mutual and balanced — describing relationships, actions, or feelings that are shared equally between two parties; also used in mathematics to denote inverse values
Z czasem wykształcił się między nimi obopólny szacunek.
rigid rules
collocation with rigid adjective C2 • synonyms: inflexible rules, strict regulations, rigid norms • impose/challenge rigid rules • freq in AmE: 6/10
The school’s rigid rules discourage creativity. | 2. She struggled to adapt to the rigid rules of corporate culture.
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sztywne zasady, nieelastyczne reguły, rygorystyczne przepisy
rules or regulations that are strict, inflexible, and resistant to change — often perceived as limiting, outdated, or overly controlling
Sztywne zasady w szkole tłumią kreatywność. | 2. Trudno było jej odnaleźć się w rygorystycznych przepisach korporacji.
reverential
adjective • C2 formal/emotional • synonyms: respectful, awed, devout, solemn • reverential tone/silence/gaze; reverential toward tradition/sacred texts • freq in AmE: 4/10
He spoke in a reverential tone about his late mentor. | 2. The audience fell silent in reverential awe as the choir began. | 3. Her reverential attitude toward tradition shaped her worldview.
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pełen czci, nabożny, pełen szacunku
expressing deep respect, awe, or veneration, especially toward something sacred, admired, or historically significant
Mówił o swoim zmarłym mentorze z nabożnym szacunkiem. | 2. Publiczność zamilkła w pełnej czci ciszy. | 3. Jej podejście do tradycji było głęboko pełne szacunku.
reciprocal
adjective C1 formal/neutral • synonyms: mutual, shared, two-way • reciprocal respect/support/relationship/obligations; reciprocal feelings/responses/benefits; reciprocal arrangement/agreement • freq in AmE: 5/10
They have a reciprocal respect for each other’s work. | 2. The agreement is based on reciprocal obligations. | 3. Reciprocal love is the foundation of a healthy relationship.
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wzajemny, obustronny, odwzajemniony
given and received in return; mutual; involving two sides that affect or respond to each other equally
Darzą się wzajemnym szacunkiem. | 2. Umowa opiera się na obustronnych zobowiązaniach. | 3. Odwzajemniona miłość to fundament zdrowej relacji.
rogue
adjective C1 informal • synonyms: defiant, unpredictable, uncontrolled • rogue state/agent/program/planet; go rogue; rogue mission/faction/element; rogue behavior/process; charming rogue • freq in AmE: 5/10
A rogue scientist defied the institution’s ethics.
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nieprzewidywalny, zbuntowany, niekontrolowany
behaving in an unpredictable, dishonest, or independent way — often outside accepted norms or control; can imply danger, charm, or defiance depending on context
Zbuntowany naukowiec złamał zasady etyczne instytucji.
robust
adjective C2 formal • synonyms: sturdy, vigorous, hearty • robust health/physique/constitution • remarkably/extremely/particularly robust; remain/stay robust • freq in AmE (this meaning): 5/10
Despite his age, he remained remarkably robust and active. | 2. The veterinarian confirmed that the dog was robust and in excellent health.
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krzepki, silny, zdrowy (np. o człowieku, zwierzętach)
strong, healthy, and full of energy, used to describe people or animals with good physical condition
Pomimo wieku pozostał niezwykle krzepki i aktywny. | 2. Weterynarz potwierdził, że pies jest zdrowy i w doskonałej kondycji.
robust
adjective C1 formal • synonyms: strong, solid, durable • robust system/design/structure/method; robust economy/growth/performance • highly/extremely/particularly robust; build something robust • freq in AmE (this meaning): 7/10
The company needs a more robust cybersecurity system to prevent data breaches. | 2. The bridge was built with robust materials designed to withstand earthquakes. | 3. The economy showed robust growth with a 4% increase in GDP.
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solidny, wytrzymały, mocny (o systemie, metodzie)
strong, well-constructed, and unlikely to break or fail, used to describe objects, systems, methods, or arguments
Firma potrzebuje solidniejszego systemu cyberbezpieczeństwa, aby zapobiegać naruszeniom danych. | 2. Most został zbudowany z wytrzymałych materiałów zaprojektowanych, aby wytrzymać trzęsienia ziemi. | 3. Gospodarka wykazała silny wzrost z 4% wzrostem PKB.
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