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goods
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Products and materials in general that people buy.
electronic devices
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Electronic instruments or products, such as computers, stereos, cell phones, etc.
whereas
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Connector; While at the same time. While on the contrary.
intangible
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Incapable of being seen or perceived by the senses.
banking
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The business of a bank. The occupation of a banker.
involved
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Included, engaged, or connected closely to.
consumers
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A person that consumes, or acquires goods or services for direct use.
willing
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Voluntary; Voluntarily; The act of being ready, decide, or determined to do something gladly.
profit
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The money received after paying all the operating expenses of a business.
stay in business
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To continue operating a business.
challenging
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The act of using one's abilities in a difficult but stimulating effort.
enterprise
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A business organization. A company.
raise
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To gather together, to collect.
start up capital
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The amount of money that is required to start a new business.
borrowing
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To obtain or receive money or something else with the promise of returning it.
saving and loans
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Financial institutions specialized in accepting savings, deposits and making loans such as Monte de Piedad, Prendamex, Credimax, etc.
invest
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To commit (money or capital) in order to gain more money in a financial return.
investors
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A person who invests capital in order to obtain financial earnings.
marketing strategies
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Strategies to concentrate resources on the best opportunities for increasing sales.
target costumers
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People who will surely buy from your business after having studied their needs.
in addition to
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As well as. Along with.
revenue
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All the money or income produced by a particular source.
minus
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Reduced by the subtraction of. Less. 10 - 5 = 5 (10 minus 5 = 5)
costs of production
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The sum of the cost of the resources in a business, such as labor, capital, or land.
profit margin
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A measure of profitability. It is calculated by finding the net profit of the revenue.
expenses
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The money spent from a business to pay employees, the investment of resources.
labor
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Workers considered as a group.
assets
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A valuable item or thing that is owned.
equipment
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Some with which a person, an organization, or a thing is equipped.
inventory
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A detailed report or things in one's possession, like goods and materials in stock.
machinery
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Machines or machine parts considered as a group.
payroll
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The total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time.
benefits
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A payment made in accordance with a wage agreement, insurance or public assistance program.
added
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Joined, increased in size to form a sum. Opposite of "subtracted".
subtracted
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Taken away as of a sum of money. The opposite of "add".
income
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The money received during a period of time in exchange for labor or services.
to aim for
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To determine a course or direct an effort. "I will aim for the supervisor's position."
competitors
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The people who compete with other businesses.
techniques
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The systematic procedure by which a complex or scientific task is accomplished.
percentage
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A fraction or a proportion in relation to a whole. "%"
additional features
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Additional aspects, quality, or characteristics for products.
customer service
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The service provided to a customer before and after a purchase.
quality control
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A process that reviews the quality of finished manufactured products or of workers.
overcome
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To defeat (another) in a competition or conflict; to conquer.
item
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A single article or unit of a product.
employer
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The person or a company that hires a worker.
employees
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A person who works for another in return for financial or other compensation.
staff
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A group of workers, assitants to a manager, executive, or someone in authority.
working conditions
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The conditions of a company in which workers carry on their tasks.
wages
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Salaries or payment for labor or services to a worker.
perks
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Privileges given to employees.
shorthanded
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Not having enough at the moment, not sufficient.
emergency fund
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A sum of money or other resources set aside in case of an emergency.
legal advice
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Legal opinion about what could or should be done in a situation or problem; counsel.
employment laws
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The area of law that covers all aspects of employer and employee relationship.
government regulations
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Laws set by the government that determine how businesses and industry should run or operate.
profitable
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That gives profit; advantageous. Economically benefit.
meeting
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To come into conformity with the views, wishes, or opinions of a counterpart; a reunion.
fail
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To be unsuccessful.
task
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A function or activity to be performed; an objective.
along the way
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On the way. During an operating period of time.
go out of business
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To close down a business permanently.
face
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Confront, encounter.
sought
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Today "seek", yesterday "sought". Looked fot
unemployment
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Having no job. The state of not being employed.
wages
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Salaries.
contributions
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Things given.
comes about
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Occurs, happens.
school term
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The period of time that students have classes year round.
outing
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An excursion for pleasure. Going to a park, mountains, beach, having fun and eat.
parades
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A public procession.
speeches
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When a person talks about something publicly or in front of an audience.
even though
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Although (with emphasis)
recognize
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To accept as true. Your boss always recognizes your hard work.
accomplishments
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Something completed successfully
farmlands
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Lands that are used for farming.
laborers
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all the working people are considered laborers.
endured
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To carry on through, to continue in existence despite hardships.
been given
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That you have received. That someone gave you.
sunup
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The time of sunrise. When the sun comes up.
dingy
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Dark and dirty.
froze
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Today "freeze", yesterday "froze".
sweltered
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To suffer from the heat.
President Martin/ Van Buren
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The 8th. President of the U.S.A. from 1837-1841.
workday
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The part of the day, or the period of time which a person works.
safer
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More secure. With less danger.
met
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Today "meet", yesterday "met". Satisfied complety. Fulfilled.
strinkes
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To stop work by employees, to demand their employer better working contidions.
employers
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The person or people that hire a worker.
demands
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Things that are formally requested by a worker or group of workers.
havoc
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Devastation or destruction.
Knights of Labor
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The 1st. Labor organization of the U.S.A. formed in 1869.
passwords
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Secret words or codes used to enter a place. You need a password to login to facebook.
Peter J. McGuire
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He was the President of United Brotherhood of Carpenters.
United Brotherhood/ of carpenters
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A labor Union for Carpenters.
Spirits
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The feelings of a group. Strong loyalty or dedication.
might very well
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Probably.
to turn to
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To rely on. To seek for. Children turn to parents when they have problems.
stay away
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In this case it means "to be absent".
dramatized
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To make more dramatic. To act in a dramatic form.
President Grover/ Cleveland
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The 22nd. And 24th. President of the U.S.A. (1885-89 and 1893-97).
bill
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A proposed law.
leadership
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The ability to lead a group of people.
Samuel Gompers
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A leader of the American Federation of Labor (A.F. of L.).
craft unions
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Labor unions for plumbers, carpenters, etc. Craft = skills or ability to work with hands.
plumbers
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People who install or repair pipes.
cigar makers
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People who make cigars.
the like
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Like the others, similar to previous ones.
steel
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Steel is a metal. The frame of the chairs in the classroom are made of steel.
coal
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A mineral used for energy. It is also used as fuel on trains. It is related to carbon.
means
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Course of action. Way. Studying is te only "means" of passing exams.
funds
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Money that is set aside for special purposes.
bargaining
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Negotiating.
toil
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Work. Workers are recognized for their hard "toil".
made up
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Composed of. Mexico is "made up" of 31 states and 1 Federal District.
to deal with
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To take action. To confront and take action in different problems or situations.
entrepreneurial
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Willing to take risks in order to make a profit.
spirit
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A person as characterized by a stated quality.
approaches
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The method used in dealing with or accomplishing.
ushered
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To lead or conduct.
builders
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People that build. People that have accomplished things to be admire.
dreamers
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People that have dreams, and acomplish them sooner or later.
wealth
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An abundance of valuable material possessions or resources; riches.
railroads
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A system of railroad track, together with the land and stations.
shipping
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The act or business of transporting goods.
ferry
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A ship or boat where passengers or goods are transported across a river, bay by a ferryboat.
borrowing
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To obtain or receive (something) on loan with the promise or undestanding returning it.
masted
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Having a mast or pole at which a flag is flown. A masted boat.
freight
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Goods carried by a vessel or vehicle, especially by a commercial carrier; cargo.
Long Island Sound
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An arm of the sea that extends inland to meet the mouth of a river in New York.
steamboat
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A steamship, specially one used on rivers and other inland waterways.
campaign
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An operation or series of operations energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose.
real estate
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Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.
gold rush
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A rush or movement of migrants to an area where gold has been discovered.
(ocean going/ steamships)
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A ship especially for sailing in the deep ocean.
attributed to
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Related to a paticular cause or source.
took over
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Assumed control, management or responsability.
Scottish
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Having been born om Scotland.
steel
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A metal. Something, such as a sword or knife that is made of steel.
(profile/ philanthropists)
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A person that makes an effort or inclination to increase the well-being of humankind as by charitable aid or donations.
humble
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Showing deferential or submissive respect:
weaver
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One that weaves. Weavers make "Zarapes".
cottage
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A small vacation house.
emigrated
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To leave one country or region to settle in another.
telegrapher
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A person who works sending and receiving telegrams or telegraphs.
investments
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Property or another possession acquired for future financial return or benefit.
oil derricks
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A machine that is used for moving or carrying heavy objects.
impurities
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Contamination or pollution.
oxidation
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The combination of a substance with oxygen.
girders
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A beam, as of steel, wood, used as a main horizontal support in a building or bridge.
vertical integration
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A style od growth and management control.
raw
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Being in a natural condition; not processed or refined.
mills
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Any of various machines for shaping, cutting, polishing, or dressing metal surfaces.
coal
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A natural dark brown to black graphitelike materialuses as a fuel.
pig iron
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Crude iron cast in blocks.
coke
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The solid residue of impure carbon.
tons
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A large extent, amount, or number. Often used in the plural. Tons of gold.
deal maker
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A person in charge of closing deals or negotiations.
envisioned
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To picture in the mind; imagine.
holdings
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Legally owned property, such as land, capital or stocks. Often used in the plural.
business trust
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An unicorporated business organization created by a legal document.
fortune
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A person's condition in life determined by material possessions or financial wealth.
buy out
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An investment transaction by which the ownership of a majority share is acquired.
founder
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One who establishes something or formulates the basis for something for the 1st. Time.
sponsor
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One who assumes responsability for another person or a group during a period.
assembly line
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An arrangement of workers, machines, and equipment in which the product being assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed.
dealerships
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A franchise to sell specified items in a certain area.
promotion
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The act of promoting or the fact of being promoted; advancement.
completion
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The act of completing or the state of being completed.
self propelled
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Containing its own means of propulsion.
quadricycle
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A vehicle with four wheels that Henry Ford invented.
test drove
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To drive as for testing the security.
brainstormed
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Gave different ideas.
resigned
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To give up(a position, for example), especially by formal notification.
dissolved
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To cause to disappear or vanish.
dropped
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To become less, to fall from a higher position.
units
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A precisely specified quantity. We sold 100 units.
aviation
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The operation of aicraft. The design, development, and production of aircraft.
Stout Metal/ Airplane Company
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The name of an American aircraft manufacturer. An Airplane company owned by Henry Ford.
ran
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To be in operation. Took care of.
journalists
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One whose occupation is journalism. One who keeps a journal.
politicians
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People who are actively involved in politics, especially party politics.
monopolistic
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Exclusive control by one group of producting or selling a commodity or service.
oil refining
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To reduce to a pure state; purify. Pemex refinery.
legacy
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Something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past.
forged
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To give form or to shape.
quarter
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(¼), 25/100. One of four equal parts. In this case, the last 25 years of the century.
exploitation
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The act of employing to the greatest advantage. The exploitation of copper deposits.
for good
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Definitely, permanently. The player retired for good.
emerging
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To come forth from obscurity.
infrastructure
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The basic facilities, services, base or foundation for an organization or system.
commercialization
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The act of applying methods of business to something for profit.
positively
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In a positive way.
competitive
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Of, involving, or determined by competition.
catered
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To be particulary attentive. To attend to the wants or needs of.
beverages
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Any one of various liquids for drinking, usually excluding water.
textiles
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A coth, especially one manufactured by weaving or knitting. A fabric, or fiber.
petroleum
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A liquid, that occurs naturally beneath the earth. Gasoline is derived from petroleum.
massive
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Large in comparison with the usual amount. Large in quantity.
enables
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Gives the opportunity to, gives or allows.
boost
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To increase, to raise.
head for
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Go in direction of.
place a purchase
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To buy.
assembling
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To put together parts or pieces of. There are "assembling" companies like IBM.
currently
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Being im progress now. Belonging to the present time.
competitors
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People that compete with others. Sports, business, etc.
globe
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The planet, the Earth.
raw minerals
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Unprocessed or natural minerals.
spot
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A place or location.
lead
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A soft, malleable, dense metallic element. (Pb). Gasoline contains lead.
timber
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Wood used as a building material; also called lumber.
veins
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A long and regularly shaped occurrence of a mineral. Mines are full of veins.
labor rates
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The quantity of money per hour to workers.
awesome
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Expressing "awe", remarkable, outstanding.
wage rate
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Salary rate. The quantity of money per unit of production or per period of work time.
staff
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To provide with a staff of workers or assistants. To serve on the staff of.
outsource
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The procuring of services or products, from an outside supplier.
stamp
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An official mark or seal that indicates ownership. The stamp "Hecho en México".
petrochemical
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A chemical derived from petroleum or natural gas.
propylene
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A flammable gas derived from petroleum hydrocarbon used in organic synthesis.
rubber
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A synthetic and elastic material of varying chemical composition. Latex.
handcrafting
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Making with the hands.
folk art
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Art originating among the people of a nation or region reflecting their culture.
played out
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Used up, or exhausted. All our energy was "played out" during the game.

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