5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Wars between England and Scotland were driven by sovereignty disputes, border conflicts, dynastic crises, and English attempts to assert overlordship.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

A major trigger was the Scottish succession crisis after King Alexander III’s line failed, leading to Edward I’s interference.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Key moment of the wars was the moment when the King Alexander III’s dies and his line fails leading to a succession crisis - HE HAS NO HEIR

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Edward I tried to dominate Scotland politically, provoking resistance and wars of independence

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Scottish leaders like William Wallace and later Robert the Bruce became symbols of national resistance.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

William Wallace - symbol of resistance

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Robert the Bruce - later king, managed to ensure independence for Scotland.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

The conflicts included famous battles like Stirling Bridge and Bannockburn, which strengthened Scottish identity and independence claims.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Over the long term, intermittent warfare shaped border society, creating militarized frontier zones and recurring raids - constant fights, militarized frontier, life close to the borders was dangerous due to many raids.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

England’s internal politics and foreign wars often affected its Scottish policy, with shifts between aggression and negotiation.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Scotland also sought alliances, especially the Auld Alliance with France, to counter England.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

England: aggressive once then negotiative, Scotland: searching for alliances, one was important: Auld Alliance with France.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Consequences included the consolidation of Scottish monarchy and the development of distinct national institutions and mythic narratives.

5. Causes and consequences of wars between England and Scotland

Eventually, the crowns united in 1603 when James VI of Scotland became James I of England, and political union followed in 1707, but earlier wars left a deep legacy in identity and memory.