2.2. Legal profession

– is independent, which is guaranteed by the judge’s judicial immunity. - presides over court proceedings, - conduct the trials impartially in an open court.

- provides legal services relating to the protection of citizens’ and liberties. - operates as self-employed - provides representation to parties in criminal, civil, family and juvenile cases, cases involving employment and social security.

provides legal services to companies, other businesses, organisational units and natural persons. - is a legal practitioner who primarily deals with civil-law cases,

- is a professional appointed by the general prosecutor,

- safeguards trust in legal transactions and legality of acts, - prepares deeds, statements and other documents, - prepares authenticated copies and excerpts of documents

- is a public officer acting within the competence of a district court, - carries out the execution of court orders, such as confiscation of goods, - is supervised by the chairperson of a district court,

- is a state functionary, - handles proceedings linked to registration request in the Land Register, the Plead Register and the National Court Register, can make independent judgments only in some areas

legal seizure of property by the court as a penalty or in enforcement of the law

a public register kept by the Minister of Justice which presents legal status of movable property

– a public register which presents the legal status of real property. - court-appointed counsel – a lawyer appointed for a defendant who cannot afford one

most countries, including Poland, employ lay judges in various tasks. Therefore, a mixed court of appointed professional judges and local representatives providing their unblemished reputation in extremely common

a group of jurors (usually 12) selected at random to decide the facts of case and give a verdict. Juries are used inter alia in England and the USA

a practitioner whose competences have been extended recently by representing clients in family, petty offence cases as well as criminal and fiscal cases

- initiates, maintains and supervises the pre-trial criminal proceedings, - collects, processes and analyses data derived from conducted or supervised investigations, - conducts research on issues related to the crime, its control and prevention